1、to do 一 .不定式構(gòu)成： to+動詞原形在句中作用：除謂語動詞外的任何成分1. 不定式作主語不定式作主語，常用it替代，而將真正主語放在末尾Its useful to learn English well=To learn English well is useful. 句型 it+be+ adj+ of/for sb+to do sth.It is important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等修飾人品質(zhì)的時候介詞用ofIt is kind of you to help me.2. 不定

2、式作賓語一些謂語動詞后只能跟不定式，這類詞表命令，打算或者希望的如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, plan, expect.Would you like to see a film this evening?在find，think后跟不定式作賓語，常用it替代，而將真正賓語放于句末。I find it easy to learn English everyday.3. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語（與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)eg: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.常跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的有ask, w

3、ant, help, wish, teach, encourage, invite, warn, allow等。eg: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.注意：一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時要省略to. 這些動詞有：一感（feel)、二聽（hear, listen to)、三讓（let, make, have)、四看（look at, watch, see, notice) 。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to.eg: The teacher was saw to enter the office不定式作其他成分作表語（常在be動詞后

4、，可與主語互換）：eg: His task is to learn hard 作定語 (與賓語有邏輯上動賓關(guān)系）： eg: There is nothing to worry about.作狀語（目的，結(jié)果，原因）：eg: He opened the door for her to come in疑問詞+不定式（作主語或者賓語（可轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語從句）eg: can you tell me when to leave? = can you tell me when you will lea2. 動名詞構(gòu)成：動詞原形+ing用法：作主語、賓語、表語、定語1. 主語eg: Eating much is

5、bad for your health.2.賓語動詞賓語：eg： I like playing basketball very much.介詞賓語：eg: The notebook is used for writing down notes.3. 表語eg: His hobby is swimming. =swimming is his hobby.4. 定語eg: she is in the reading room.注：兩動詞連用只能接動名詞的詞完成實(shí)踐值得忙; finish, practice, be worth, be busy繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄; keep on , be used t

6、o , give up考慮建議不禁想; consider , suggest, cant help, feel like喜歡思念要介意. enjoy, miss, mind3. 分詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞: 動詞+ ing 過去分詞： 動詞+ ed用法：表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語1. 表語現(xiàn)分eg: The story is interesting.過分eg: I am bored with the thing.2. 定語現(xiàn)分eg: Do you know the girl standing under the tree?過分eg: Please hand your written exercise.3

7、. 狀語現(xiàn)分eg: They went out of classroom, talking and laughing.過分eg: Seen from the hill,the school is beautiful.4. 補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)分eg: I heard him singing when I came in classroom過分eg: I want to have my bike repaired. (have/make/get/+ 名詞（代詞）+過去分詞）1. 動后接動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事mean to d

8、o sth打算做某事mean doing sth 意味著做某事try to do sth 盡力做某事try doing sth 嘗試做某事forget to do sth 忘記做某事（未做）forget doing sth 忘記做過某事remember to do sth 記得要做某事（未做)remember doing sth記得做過某事need to do sth需要做某事(主動含義need doing sth 需要去做某事（被動含義）go on to do sth接著做某事（另一件）go on doing 接著做某事2. 現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補(bǔ)主語的區(qū)別eg: I heard him

9、singing in the classroom. (唱的動作正在進(jìn)行) I heard him sing in the classroom. (唱的動作已結(jié)束)常見動詞有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等。它們現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表動作正在進(jìn)行；接不帶to的動詞作賓語表已經(jīng)完成了的或者經(jīng)常性的動作3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1.語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)分表主動意義，過分表被動意義the surprising news令人驚訝的消息a surprised man 一個感到驚訝的人a moving story 一個感人的故事the moved people 被感動的人們2.

10、時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)分表正在進(jìn)行的動作，過分表已經(jīng)完成的動作the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家the rising sun 正在升起的太陽the risen sun 升起來的太陽含有介詞to的固定短語make (a) contribution to， devote to，look forward to，prefer to，be/get used to，pay attention to為作貢獻(xiàn)致力于期盼，盼望喜歡 勝過習(xí)慣，適應(yīng)關(guān)注于have fun (in) doing sthhave trouble/ difficulty in

11、 doing sthspend time (in) doing sthbe worth doingcant help doingKeep/prevent/stop sb/sth from doing sth做有趣做有困難花費(fèi)多少時間做值得禁不住防止某人/某物被含有介詞或者省略的固定句型從句子成分分析非謂語動詞一動名詞與不定式作主語時的區(qū)別1. 特殊表達(dá) 動名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作不定式表示具體的、某一次的動作2. 固定句型It takes sb some time to do sth3. 習(xí)慣用法Its no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing

12、 Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to do sth2 非謂語動詞作表語1 對稱原則，主語是動名詞，表語一般也用動名詞Seeing is believing 2. 分詞作表語表示主語的特點(diǎn)特征. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示令人-;過去分詞表示感到-；The speech is _and the students are_.The old man feels _with his _son who is disappointed at his study.3.不定式作表語: (1)計(jì)劃，趨勢將要做的

13、she is to get married next week.(2)責(zé)任，義務(wù)必須做的 Im to see you off at the airport tomorrow(3)祈使,命令不得不做的 Youre to stand here ,do you understand ?(4)命運(yùn)安排,注定做的 Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist. 3 非謂語動詞作狀語4 作定語，放在名詞后面總結(jié)原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there， he said he w

14、as sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making原則二：用于名詞后作定語時，使用非謂語動詞的原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義.1.The Chinese

15、are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held2. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait3. “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to my

16、self. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost4.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed! arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. Arriving原則三： 用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞1. As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved2. Peter rec

17、eived a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say3. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class， he would answer carelessly， always _ the same thing. A.saying B. said C. to say D. having said4. We often provide our children with toys， footballs

18、 or basketballs，_ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 原則四：作結(jié)果狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般要用現(xiàn)在分詞表自然而然的結(jié)果，不定式表意外不好結(jié)果.1.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A.to let B. letting C. let D. havin

19、g let2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4. A.have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching3.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told4. H

20、e hurried to the station only_ that the train had left. A.to find B. finding C. found D. to have found原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致1. Faced with a bill for $10， 000，_. A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given

21、 to John2. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings原則七：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式 1._ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the wo

22、rld. A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. To be separated2. The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making原則八： 對于固定搭配，原則上按搭配習(xí)慣處理1._ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. ）A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face2. _ in a