1、忍冬科忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae They are mostly shrubs and vines, rarely herbs, including some ornamental garden plants in temperate regions. The leaves are mostly opposite with no stipules (= appendage at the base of a leafstalk or petiole), and may be either evergreen or deciduous. The flowers are tubular f

2、unnel-shaped or bell-like, usually with five outward spreading lobes or points, and are often fragrant. They usually form a small calyx with small bracts. The fruit is in most cases a berry or a drupe. The genera, Diervilla and Weigela, have capsular fruit.忍冬科忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae很多種類都是好的園林樹種。 灌木 單葉，很少

3、羽狀復葉，對生 花兩性，聚傘花序或再組成其他花序，也有多數簇生或單生，花冠管狀或輪狀5-4裂，有時二唇形，雄蕊與花冠裂片同數且與裂片互生 漿果，核果或蒴果 約18屬500余種，中國12屬，約300余種Deciduous shrubs;The leaves are ovate-oblong with an acuminate tip, and with a serrated margin.The flowers are 2-4 cm long, with a five-lobed white, pink, or red (rarely yellow) corolla, produced in s

4、mall corymbs of several together in early summer. The fruit is a dry capsule containing numerous small winged seeds. 錦帶花屬錦帶花屬Weigela錦帶花屬錦帶花屬Weigela 落葉喬木，髓心堅實，單葉對生，花較大，排腋生或頂生聚傘花序，也有蔟生，單生，花冠白色，粉紅色，深紅色，紫紅色，管狀鐘形或漏斗形，兩側對稱，蒴果長橢圓形，有喙，開裂為二果瓣，種子有翅。 約12種，產亞洲東部，中國6種，產中部，東南部，東北部。 錦帶花錦帶花 Weigela florida 花萼裂片披針形，

5、中部以下連合，柱頭2裂，種子無翅，葉子5-10cm，分布華北，東北及華東北部。變種：白色錦帶花：花近白； 四季錦帶花：生長期開花不斷。習性：喜光，耐寒，怕澇，對土壤要求不嚴，對氯化氫抗性強，也是華北地區春季主要灌木，可在樹叢，林緣做花籬，花叢配植，點綴假山，坡地。 Weigela florida Variegata Weigela - Wine & Roses Weigela florida Rumba Weigela florida Tango Weigela florida Red Prince Weigela Midnight Wine Weigela f. Minuet 海仙花

6、海仙花 Weigela coraeensis 花萼線形，裂達基部，柱頭頭狀，種子有翅，葉8-12cm，花變色，初時紅色，黃白色，或淡玫瑰色，后變深紅色。 分布華東，朝鮮，日本。猬實屬猬實屬 Kolkwitzia 僅一種，中國特產。 The plant is an arching, spreading shrub, with brown flaky bark and graceful hanging branches. It is usually as wide as it is tall. The plant blooms in late spring. Its pink flowers ar

7、e about one-inch long and bell-shaped, growing in showy, numerous clusters. Its leaves are opposite, simple, and ovate, entire or with a few sparse shallow teeth. Its fruit is a hairy, ovoid capsule. 猬實屬猬實屬 Kolkwitzia 落葉灌木，干皮薄片狀剝裂，葉卵形至卵狀橢圓形，長3-7cm，傘房狀聚傘形花序生側枝頂端，花序中小花具2花，2花的萼臀下部合生，花粉紅色至紫色，裂片5片，雄蕊4，2長

8、2短。果實2個合生（1個不發育），外面有刺，剛毛，果實形狀像刺猬，故叫猬實。忍冬屬忍冬屬 Lonicera Honeysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines . The leaves are opposite, simple oval; most are deciduous but some are evergreen. Many of the species have sweetly-scented, bell-shaped flowers that produce a sweet, edible nectar. Breaking of the

9、 Honeysuckles stem will release this powerful sweet odor. The fruit is a red, blue or black berry containing several seeds; in most species the berries are mildly poisonous, but a few (notably Lonicera caerulea) have edible berries. 忍冬屬忍冬屬 Lonicera 落葉，很少半常綠，或常綠灌木，有直立的或右方 攀緣； 單葉對生； 花成對腋生，花冠管狀，唇形或近5等裂

10、。雄蕊5； 漿果肉質。 約200種，中國140種，以西南最多 半常綠纏繞藤本，苞片葉狀卵形，花初開白色，后轉黃色，芳香，漿果黑色，花期5-11月。 落葉灌木，枝中空，花先白后黃，芬芳，花冠筒2-3倍于唇瓣，漿果紅色，合生，花期5月，果熟9月。分布很廣，西北都有。 耐寒，花粉紅色，或白色，5月，果紅色，9月果成熟。 花粉紅色或白色，先葉開放3-4月，漿紅色，5-6月成熟，觀花觀果早。 落葉藤木，花序下一對葉基部合生，花黃色，橙黃色，漿果紅色，中國西部有分布。 園林中很好的觀賞藤木，棚架綠化。盤葉忍冬Lonicera tragophylla 京紅久忍冬Lonicera heckrottii 接骨木

11、屬接骨木屬 SambucusShrubs or small trees(two species herbaceous) The leaves are opposite, pinnate, with 5-9 leaflets (rarely 3 or 11), each leaf 5-30 cm long, the leaflets with a serrated margin. They bear large clusters of small white or cream coloured flowers in the late spring, that are followed by cl

12、usters of small red, bluish or black (rarely yellow or white) berries. Species have lifespans between 80 and 100 years.接骨木屬接骨木屬 Sambucus 落葉灌木或小喬木，奇數羽狀復葉對生，花小，輻射對稱。果為漿果狀核果。 花序圓錐狀傘花序頂生，花白色或淡蘭色，果黑紫色或紅色。枝葉繁茂，春季白花滿樹，夏秋紅果累累，是良好的觀賞灌木，枝葉入藥，接骨。西洋接骨木莢蒾屬莢蒾屬 Viburnum Deciduous and evergreen shrubs or (in a few

13、species) small trees. The leaves are opposite, simple, and entire, toothed or lobed. Some species are densely hairy on the shoots and leaves, with star-shaped hairs. The flowers are produced in corymbs 5-15 cm across, each flower white to cream or pink with five petals, strongly fragrant in some spe

14、cies. The gynoecium has 3 connate carpels with the nectary on top of the gynoecium. Some also have a fringe of large, showy sterile flowers round the perimeter of the corymb to act as a pollinator target. The fruit is a spherical, oval or somewhat flattened drupe, red to purple, blue, or black, and

15、containing a single seed; Some are edible for humans (though many others are mildly poisonous to people).莢蒾屬莢蒾屬 Viburnum 落葉或常綠灌木，少有小喬木； 單葉對生； 花小，全發育花或花序傘形聚傘花序，花萼5，短。花冠白色或淡紅色，雄蕊5； 漿果狀核果，有些鮮紅，有些黑色。 大花莢蒾蝴蝶莢蒾珊瑚樹 天目瓊花五個屬區別五個屬區別1. 開裂蒴果錦帶花屬1. 漿果或核果 2.具1種子的瘦果狀核果，果兩個合生（有時一個不發育）， 外面密生刺剛毛猬實屬 2.漿果或漿果狀核果 3.漿果，花成

16、對著生于葉腋或輪生枝頂，花冠二唇忍冬屬 3.漿果狀核果：傘狀或圓錐狀聚傘花序，花冠輪生不認識 對稱 4.葉奇數羽狀復葉接骨木屬 4.葉為單葉莢蒾屬禾本科 Cramineae竹亞科 Bambusoideae常綠木本，喬，灌或藤本。地下莖叫竹鞭，竹鞭的節間近于實心，地下莖有“單軸散生”“合軸生”“復軸混生”三種類型。單軸型：竹鞭細長，能在土中橫向延伸較長距離，在節上長筍發育成禾干，在地上部分形成一廣大面積的疏生竹林。禾本科 Cramineae合軸型：地下莖粗厚縮短，節密根多，不能在土中做長距離蔓延生長。頂芽抽筍長成的新竹靠近老稈，地上部分形成叢生密集叢生的竹叢。復軸型：具有前兩者的特點，既有橫走的

17、竹鞭，又有縮短成堆的地下莖。 地下莖節上有芽，芽長大成筍。筍出土長成莖稱為一個稈。稈節明顯。節間中空，節下一環即籜環。節上一環為稈環。二環之間節偽，其上生芽，萌發為枝。 按分枝情況，可分為一枝型，二枝型及多枝型。竹稈所生的葉子為桿籜，宿存或脫落性，不認識部分籜鞘，上端似葉部分為籜葉，籜舌，兩側生有籜耳。葉有葉鞘，葉耳，葉舌。雄蕊3或6枚，果實常為穎果。 剛竹屬剛竹屬 Phyllostachys Phyllostachys is a genus of bamboo . The stem or culm has a prominent groove, called a sulcus, that r

18、uns along the length of each segment (or internode). Because of this it is one of the most easily identifiable genera of bamboo. There are approximately 75 species and 200 varieties and cultivars of Phyllostachys. The largest grow to be about 100 feet (30 m) tall in optimum conditions. Some of the l

19、arger species, sometimes known as timber bamboo, are used as construction timber and for making furniture. Some of the smaller species can be grown as bonsai.剛竹屬 Phyllostachys 喬木或灌木狀，地下莖單軸散生，稈原筒形，節間分枝側有縱溝或扁平。每節常二分枝。春交出筍，多數竹筍可食用。 毛竹 Phyllostachys pubescens 剛竹 P.viridis 早園竹P.propinqua 羅漢竹 P.aurea節間下不規

20、則宿短或畸形腫脹 紫竹 P.nigra 老稈全部或部分紫黑色 黃槽竹P.aureosalcata稈綠,不認識 黃色毛竹毛竹毛竹 紫竹紫竹 金鑲玉竹金鑲玉竹 方竹屬方竹屬 Chimonobambusa Shoot fall and winter, and are difficult to propagate. Many branches per node. Thin culm sheaths fall away within a year. 地下莖復軸型，稈圓形或微呈四方形，在分枝一側常扁平或具溝槽，基部數節各有一圈瘤狀氣根，每節三分枝。方竹 Chimonobambuso quadrangula

21、ris 我國特產。 3.籟竹屬籟竹屬 Bambusa Bambusa is a large genus (about 37 species) of clumping bamboos. These species are usually giant ones, with numerous branches at a node and one or two much larger than the rest. Bambusa oldhamii 3.籟竹屬 Bambusa 喬木或灌木狀，地下莖合軸型，稈叢生，每節有枝條多數，有時不發育的枝常化成刺。佛肚竹佛肚竹（佛竹、密節竹）B.ventricosa

22、 稈兩種：正常稈，節間長，圓筒形 畸形稈，短而粗，節間短，下部分節間膨大呈瓶狀。廣東特產。孝順竹孝順竹 Bambusa multiplex 黃金間碧竹（青絲金竹）B.vulgaris 稈鮮黃色，有綠色縱條紋。 方竹方竹 佛肚竹佛肚竹箬竹屬箬竹屬Indocalamus Shrubs or small shrubs 1 to 4 branches with large broad leaves grow on one node. Branches are similar with culms. 灌木型或小灌木型，地下莖復軸形，稈散生或叢生，每節有1-4分枝，通常與主稈同粗，葉寬大。箬竹屬箬竹屬In

23、docalamus闊葉箬竹闊葉箬竹 Indocalamus latifolius 常作地被，栽植觀賞，也可河邊護岸。 竹子對溫度，水分要求很高，溫度低-14度，不能生長，竹筍需要很長時間才能長出來，2個月，在出筍前需大量水(雨后春筍)才能長出來。所以北方許多地方種不成，不是水，就是溫度。叢生竹喜溫暖濕潤氣候，散生竹耐寒性強一些。花鏡中對竹描寫，虛心，密節。性體剛強，值霜日而不凋，歷四時而常茂，頗無妖艷。雅俗共賞。經常與松、梅共植。稱為“歲寒三友”。竹林形成竹徑通幽的效果。需要有高度，與路寬比較，有厚度，有深度。 建筑物也可種植高大竹子，院子內種植觀賞價值高的竹子。建筑，角隅，竹，山石配。室內天

24、井，屋頂花園也可用。 松下石重，梅下石秀，竹下石瘦，專類園，竹類公園（樓觀臺）。室內盆栽，編織，7000年以前就開始編織，歷史悠久。精密儀器廠可種植，無污染。Indocalamus hamadae Indocalamus latifolius Indocalamus tessellatus 棕櫚科棕櫚科 Palmaceae Palms are woody monocots native to the tropics. There are many palms which make good indoor plants. Many get large quickly and require fr

25、equent repotting but others grow more slowly. Some have single trunks and others have multiple trunks. Palmately and pinnately compound leaves are both common. Since most palm trees grow in the shade of tropical forests until they get tall enough to reach the direct rays of the sun, they tolerate re

26、latively low indoor light for many years.棕櫚科棕櫚科 Palmaceae Many palms become large with age and outgrow their location but make attractive, manageable house plants for several years. Edible palms produce coconut, dates and palm oil and they have numerous uses in and around the home and market in the

27、tropics. Baskets, bags, hats are examples of products woven from the leaves. 棕櫚科棕櫚科 Palmaceae 常綠喬木或灌木，莖單生或叢生，直立，也有攀緣，實心。 葉常聚生莖端，羽狀裂或掌狀分裂 大型 花小，輻射對稱，組成圓錐狀，肉穗花序或肉穗花序萼片，花瓣各為3瓣，雄蕊6枚，罕3枚。 漿果，核果或堅果。 約210余屬，2500種左右，有些種還未充分了解。棕竹屬棕竹屬 Rhapis The species are commonly known as Lady Palms. They are fan palms (Co

28、rypheae tribe), with the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The plants have thin stems growing to 3-4 m tall, branching at the base, forming clumps and are dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate plants.叢生灌木，莖直立，干細如指，葉掌狀分裂。小葉棕竹小葉棕竹棕竹棕竹蒲

29、葵屬 LivistonaThey are fan palms trees, the leaves with an armed petiole terminating in a rounded, costapalmate fan of numerous leaflets.喬木或大喬木。莖直立，葉近圓形，扇狀折疊，掌狀分裂至葉片中部附近，先端2裂下垂。蒲葵 Livistona chinensis 葉淺裂，嫩葉做扇子，最北能夠分布到湖南南部，上海種植需小氣候維護。棕櫚屬棕櫚屬 TrachycarpusThey are fan palms (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), wi

30、th the leaves with a bare petiole terminating in a rounded fan of numerous leaflets. The leaf bases produce persistent fibers that often give the trunk a characteristic hairy appearance. All species are dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on separate plants although female plants will s

31、ometimes produce male flowers, allowing occasional self-pollination 棕櫚屬棕櫚屬 Trachycarpus 喬木或灌木，莖干直立，多單生而不分枝，單葉叢生于端，掌狀深裂，頂端2淺裂，肉穗花序粗大而分枝。雌雄異株。 本屬最耐寒，分布于棕櫚科區域最北境界。棕櫚 Trachycarpus fortunei 最耐寒，耐陰，抗污染性強。左上椰子左上椰子右王棕右王棕散尾葵散尾葵 刺葵刺葵 挺拔秀麗，一派南國風光，適應性強，能抗多種有毒氣體，棕皮用途廣泛。 棕櫚科樹種用途：表現熱帶，亞熱帶風光，可做行道樹，庭院樹，筒栽，盆栽。 行道樹：王棕

32、（大王爺子）魚尾葵 蒲葵 棕櫚 椰子 油棕 孤立木：王棕多 蒲葵 油棕 林植：蒲葵 油棕 棕櫚 檳榔 水邊：蒲葵 動勢 椰子 棕櫚 山石：桄榔 魚尾葵 軟野刺葵 建筑：兩窗之間 ，高一些的，假檳榔 ，蒲葵，棕櫚 角隅：散尾葵 盆景：棕竹 室內裝飾：軟葉刺葵 散尾葵 專類園：棕櫚科植物溫室 百合科百合科 Liliaceae Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers. Many plants in the family are poisonous if eaten. A floral pattern said to be based on a lily or lily-like flower is used in heraldry; see Fleur-de-lis.百合科百合科 Liliaceae The Lily family was formerly a p