1、The Attributive Clause解決兩個問題：解決兩個問題：第一，什么是定語？第一，什么是定語？第二，什么可以作定語？第二，什么可以作定語？概念概念定語常常用來修飾名詞，常常放在名詞的前定語常常用來修飾名詞，常常放在名詞的前面或名詞后。面或名詞后。（一）（一）放在名詞前面用來修飾名詞的詞語有哪些？放在名詞前面用來修飾名詞的詞語有哪些？如如 a big dog，my book，these flowers，beautiful pictures總結：形容詞總結：形容詞(adj.)，形容詞物主代詞，形容詞物主代詞(my/ your/ his/ her/ its/ our/ your/ th

2、eir)，不定代詞，不定代詞(this/ that/ these/ those)常常放在名詞前修飾名詞；常常放在名詞前修飾名詞；紅褲子紅褲子舊自行車舊自行車那些樹那些樹我們的學校我們的學校這只貓這只貓藍色的天空藍色的天空red pantsold bikes/ an old bike those treesour schoolthis catblue sky注意：形容詞修飾下面三個詞的時候要放到這三個注意：形容詞修飾下面三個詞的時候要放到這三個的后面：的后面：something important，anything funny，nothing special（二）（二）放在名詞后面用來修飾名詞的

3、詞語有哪些？放在名詞后面用來修飾名詞的詞語有哪些？例如：例如：streets in Beijing (北京的街道北京的街道)，shops along streets(沿街的沿街的商店商店)， the pictures on the wall(墻上的墻上的圖畫圖畫)dogs that like eating fruits(愛吃水果的愛吃水果的狗狗)， students who helped teachers(幫助老師幫助老師的的學生學生)總結：總結：介詞短語介詞短語和和句子句子修飾名詞的時候，修飾名詞的時候，放在名詞的后面放在名詞的后面介詞短語通常是：介詞介詞短語通常是：介詞+地點等地點等這里的

4、人們這里的人們海里的魚海里的魚教室前面的樹教室前面的樹我們家的照片我們家的照片擅長跑步的男孩擅長跑步的男孩愛唱歌的小鳥愛唱歌的小鳥people herefishes in the seatrees in front of the classroomthe pictures of my familya boy who is good at runningbirds that like singing今天的話題就是定語從句，即一個句子放在一個詞的后面修飾今天的話題就是定語從句，即一個句子放在一個詞的后面修飾該詞，這個句子就叫定語從句。該詞，這個句子就叫定語從句。學習定語從句需要牢牢把握三點：學習定

5、語從句需要牢牢把握三點：第一，第一，定語從句和被修飾詞之間要有一個定語從句和被修飾詞之間要有一個連接詞連接詞連接，該詞連接，該詞在語法上被稱之為在語法上被稱之為“關系代詞或副詞關系代詞或副詞”；第二，第二，被定語從句修飾的詞語，在語法上被稱之被定語從句修飾的詞語，在語法上被稱之“先行先行詞詞”，該該“先行詞先行詞”的作用是：在后面的定語從句中充當某的作用是：在后面的定語從句中充當某一個成分，如作主語，作賓語，作定語，作狀語等。一個成分，如作主語，作賓語，作定語，作狀語等。第三，第三，先行詞（先行詞（物還是人物還是人）及及先行詞在句子中做什么成分先行詞在句子中做什么成分（主語？賓語？定語？狀語？

6、主語？賓語？定語？狀語？），），決定了用哪個關系決定了用哪個關系代詞或副詞。代詞或副詞。Which baby is JackWhich baby is Jack? ?穿紅褲子的穿紅褲子的baby是Jack。The baby is wearing red pants .The baby is Jack.The baby is Jack.who is wearing red pantsJack定語從句定語從句先行詞先行詞關系代詞關系代詞who總結：先行詞是總結：先行詞是人人且在定語從句中作主語用且在定語從句中作主語用who引導引導Which house is mineWhich house is

7、mine? ?房房(子的子的) 頂是棕色的頂是棕色的房子是我的房子是我的。The house is mine.whose roof is brownMy houseThe houses roof is brown.The house is mine.定語從句定語從句先行詞先行詞關系代詞關系代詞 whose總結：總結：先行詞先行詞若在定語從句中表若在定語從句中表“屬于屬于所有的所有的”用用whose引導引導I talked with the man.The man is our teacher.The man (who/whom) I talked with(-) is our teacher.

8、I talked with the man who is our teacher總結：先行詞是總結：先行詞是人人且在定語從句中且在定語從句中作賓語作賓語用用who/whom引導，引導，且可以省略。且可以省略。總結：先行詞是總結：先行詞是人人且在定語從句中作且在定語從句中作主語主語用用who引導，引導，不可以省略。不可以省略。These are the trees.The trees were planted last year.These are the trees which were planted last year.總結總結:先行詞是先行詞是物物且在定語從句中且在定語從句中作主語或賓語

9、作主語或賓語用用which引導引導。這些是這些是去年栽的去年栽的樹。樹。總結：先行詞是總結：先行詞是人人且在定語從句中且在定語從句中做主語做主語或賓語或賓語的時候，關系代詞的時候，關系代詞_；作賓；作賓語的時候，用語的時候，用_先行詞若在賓語從句中充當定語表示先行詞若在賓語從句中充當定語表示“（誰）的（誰）的”時候，關系代詞用時候，關系代詞用_先行詞若是物且在賓語從句中充當主語先行詞若是物且在賓語從句中充當主語或賓語的時候，關系代詞是或賓語的時候，關系代詞是_whowhomwhosewhich 總結：若先行詞是總結：若先行詞是 人或物人或物，在定語從句中在定語從句中作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 時

10、都可以用時都可以用that引導引導。A plane is a machine. A machine can fly.A plane is a machine _can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man _ I told you about.定語從句中的另一個關系代詞定語從句中的另一個關系代詞thatwhichthatwho/whomthat1.The house _ we live in (-) is very old.2.Those are the shoes _ I lost (-) last week.3.That

11、 is the man _ found my handbag.4.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.5. The car _ my uncle bought (-) last month is very beautiful. which/ that which/ that who/ that which/ that which/ that歸納歸納: that,即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。 which,只指物只指物，作主語或賓語。，作主語或賓語。 who, whom指人指人,who作主語作主語,whom作賓語。作賓語。t

12、hat, which, whom在定語從句中在定語從句中作賓語時，可省去作賓語時，可省去。1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that6. The village _ Guo P

13、eng lives in is very far away.7. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.8. I hate people _ talk much but do little.9. The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.10. My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students. which/ that who/ that who/ that who/ th

14、at which/ that以下情況只能用以下情況只能用“that”作關系代詞：作關系代詞：1.先行詞既有先行詞既有指人又有指物指人又有指物；2.當先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級當先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級時或有時或有the only, the very等修飾時；等修飾時； 3.先行詞是先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代詞；等不定代詞；4.主句是以主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句開頭的特殊疑問句時；時；Fill in the blanks:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people

15、and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.Which is th

16、e pen _ you bought?thatthatthatthatthatthatthat先行詞若是時間，同時先行詞若是時間，同時該時間詞該時間詞在定語從句中在定語從句中作時間狀語，我們用作時間狀語，我們用when作為關系副詞。作為關系副詞。相當于相當于“介詞介詞+ 關系代詞（關系代詞（which）”。Ill never forget Ill never forget the daythe day 關系副詞（一）關系副詞（一） whenI joined the league I joined the league onon the daythe day. .Ill never forget

17、 the dayIll never forget the day on on whenwhen I joined the league. I joined the league.Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day onon whichwhich I joined the leagueI joined the league. .注意：這里的注意：這里的whenwhen是副詞，所以前面的是副詞，所以前面的onon省略掉省略掉注：但是若把注：但是若把the daythe day看做是看做是onon的賓語，我們可以用的賓語，我們可以用代替

18、賓語的引導詞代替賓語的引導詞whichwhich。如下。如下Ill never forget the day Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the league I joined the league onon. .關系副詞關系副詞 （二）（二）wherewhere. .先行詞若是地點，且改地點詞在定語從句中先行詞若是地點，且改地點詞在定語從句中做地點狀語，引導詞用做地點狀語，引導詞用where，相當于，相當于“介詞介詞+ 關系代詞（關系代詞（which）”。This is This is the housethe house. . I

19、lived I lived in in the housethe house two years agotwo years ago. .This is the house This is the house inin wherewhere I lived two years ago.I lived two years ago.注意：這里的注意：這里的wherewhere是副詞，所以前面的是副詞，所以前面的inin省略掉省略掉注：注：但是若把但是若把the housethe house看做是看做是inin的賓語，我們可以用的賓語，我們可以用代替賓語的引導詞代替賓語的引導詞whichwhich。如

20、下。如下This is the house This is the house in which I lived two years agoin which I lived two years ago. .This is the house This is the house where where I lived I lived in in two years agotwo years ago. .若先行詞是若先行詞是reason且該詞在定語從句中作原因狀且該詞在定語從句中作原因狀語，我們用引導詞語，我們用引導詞“why”，相當于相當于“介詞介詞for+ 關系代詞（關系代詞（which）”。

21、I know I know the reasonthe reason. .關系副詞（三）關系副詞（三） whywhyI know the reason I know the reason forfor whywhy she was late. she was late.She was late She was late forfor the reasonthe reason. .I know the reason I know the reason why why she was late she was late forfor. .I know the reason I know the r

22、eason forfor whichwhich she was late. she was late. 7. I cant forget the days _ I studied in college. I cant forget the days on_ I studied in college I cant forget the days _ I spent (-)in college. 8. The library _ we often read books on Sundays is not far from our school.9. The library _ we often r

23、ead in (-) on Sundays is not far from our school.whenwhichwhich注意下面的句子引導詞的使用注意下面的句子引導詞的使用wherewhich(I cant forget the days; I studied in the college on the days)(I cant forget the days; I spent the days in the college )(The library is not far from our school ; we often read in the library on Sundays

24、)10. No one knows the reason _ she is leaving so early.No one knows the reason for_ she is leaving so early.11. They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built over (-) . 12.They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.why which which whereNo one knows the reason; she is leaving so early fo

25、r the reason They came to a river. A new bridge is being built over the river.自”即“介詞which”引導我定語從句應注意：1介 測詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A.與 試先行詞的搭配關系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)

26、I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday _ most people had had supper.when/ on whichwhen/during whichwhen/in whichwhen/by which5. I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.6. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.7. The factory _ we will visit is large.8. The factory _ his father works

27、is large.9. Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.10. This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which歸納歸納:關系副詞關系副詞when指時間指時間,關系副詞關系副詞where指地點指地點,在定語從句中作狀語。即使先行詞是時間地點在定語從句中作狀語。即使先行詞是時間地點,若若作從句中的賓語，只能用關系代詞作從句中的賓語，只能用關系代詞that,

28、which.以下為較難的定語從句以下為較難的定語從句：Complete the following sentences:1. Is this the school _ you visited(-)last year? Is this school _ _ you visited last year?2. He is one of the students who _ good at math. He is the only one of the students who _ goodat math.3. The girl _ was always honest lied to me. The

29、girl _ I met (-) lied to me.4. I dont know the time _ she arrive(-)5.China is no longer the country _ I saw (-) 10 years ago.that/whichthe oneareiswhowhomwhenthat/which在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時，有如下要點：1 1 由于關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句由于關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用，又在從句中充當一個成分，因此，中充當一個成分，因此， 要正確判斷關系代詞在從

30、句中的要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能，如作主語還是賓語等功能，如作主語還是賓語等。2 2 當當先行詞指人時先行詞指人時，關系代詞可用，關系代詞可用whowho（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），thatthat（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），whomwhom（作賓語），作賓語），whosewhose（作定語）作定語）3 3 當當先行詞指物時先行詞指物時，關系代詞可用，關系代詞可用thatthat（做主語，賓語），做主語，賓語），whichwhich（做主語，賓語）做主語，賓語）4 4 在定語從句中，在定語從句中，作賓語的關系代詞常可省，作賓語的關系代詞常可省，但在但在介詞后面的關系代詞介詞后

31、面的關系代詞不能省略不能省略。指人時，介詞后只用。指人時，介詞后只用whomwhom，指物時，介詞后只用指物時，介詞后只用whichwhich。The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.若先行詞在定語從句做某個介詞的賓語，如果介若先行詞在定語從句做某個介詞的賓語，如果介詞提前，作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。詞提前，作賓語的關系代詞不能省略。指物，只用指物，只用 which指人指人, ,只用只用whomIs this the library from which you borrow books?Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, or which.1 The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.2 We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.3 The