1、 翻譯練習題I 漢譯英1. 常常是黃昏或者夜晚。丟了一天的疲倦和紛擾 , 我漫步在未名湖邊的小路上。明滅閃爍的路燈撒下朦朦朧朧的光暈, 如霧似雨。搖曳的樹影和輕輕的晚風, 送來花的清香。間或有數點草蟲的鳴叫, 一縷縷年輕人的笑語和歌聲, 飄到小路上來, 與湖面上倒映的燈火 , 暗藍的樹, 天上的星光, 一抹晚霞或一鉤淡淡的新月, 輝映成有聲有色的圖景。真像是一首詩, 一首寫不盡讀不完的詩。Often it was at dusk or evening when a day's troubles and fatigue were over, I wandered along the pa

2、ths around Lake No-Name. A misty hale surrounded the twinkling light from the lampposts, and the trees waved; along with the soft breeze came the pleasant fragrance of flowers. Occasionally you could hear insects chuckling and young people's laughing and singing. These, together with the reflect

3、ion of the lamppost on the water, the dark blue shapes of trees, the starlight high above in the night sky, and sometimes with a touch of the setting sun or a crescent of the new moon, produced a colorful scene, a scene of poem, which is forever being written and read.2. 山居生活寂寞單調, 冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是難堪。從小鎮買來

4、帶有玻璃罩的油燈光芒是微弱的。為了獲得更多的光亮, 我試用廢棄的瓶瓶罐罐制作了許多形態不一的小油燈。每盞小油燈都綻開一朵火花, 奉獻小小的光亮。微弱的光也能劃破黑暗, 對沉沉的黑夜是一種無言的反抗。即使熄滅了, 它也燃燒過。何況還能再一次點燃, 繼續以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑戰。我滿心喜悅地觀賞著我自己手下誕生的一點光明。在長夜漫漫的動亂歲月里 , 它燃起了我精神上的火焰。 Life in the mountain village was boring and always made one feel lonely, and the cold winter night was even h

5、arder. The glass-tube oil lamp bought in the town gave out only very feeble light. In order to get more light, I tried and made many little oil lamps of various shapes with all kinds of used bottles and pots.Every little oil lamp gave out a little fire, giving out a little light. The feeble light co

6、uld as well shine through the darkness, a silent protest against the dark night. Even though they would finally burn out, they at least had lit and could be lit again and defy the dark night with their feeble but brave fire light. I was filled with happiness watching the tiny light of my own creatio

7、n. It was these lights that lit up the fire of my spirit during those long and dark days of political turmoil.3.逢年過節, 把屋子收拾利索, 長了能維持幾個月, 短了不消幾天, 屋子里又亂了, 主要是書在搗亂, 到處是書堆。外出總禁不住要逛書店, 逛書店就不可能不買書。新書、準備要看的書、看了一半的書、寫作正用得著的書、有保存價值的書, 占據了我房子里的絕大部分空間; 而且還不斷擴展, 每時每刻都在蠶食供我存身的那塊空間。這不是侵略是什么? 我舒舒服服、自得其樂地接受這種侵略和征服。

8、Before every New Year or major celebrations, there would be a general cleaning. The room could usually be kept tidy for a couple of months, but often it was a matter of only a few days before the room was a mess again, and that was mainly due to those books, piles of books, everywhere. Whenever I wa

9、s out on business, I couldn't help going to bookstores, and once I was there, I could never resist the temptation of buying more .New books, books that I had a thought of reading, books of which I only finished half, books needed for my writing, and books that had values to keep took up most of

10、the space in my room, and they were ever expanding, eating up a11the time the remaining part of my room that provided the minimum space for me as the dweller there. Isn't this an invasion? But I accepted invasion of such kind with comfort and pleasure.4.孩子簡單。他們不愛錢, 不愛榮譽, 不愛大而漂亮的房子, 有人把他弄痛了, 哭過一場

11、也什么都忘了。所以, 他們腦袋一碰枕頭就能呼呼睡去, 擁有世界上最佳質量的睡眠。孩子好奇。孩子總在想一些東西, 也在思考一些東西。他們的大腦常常處于快樂的旋轉之中。一朵奇特的云, 一片鮮見的樹葉, 都會引發孩子許多的聯想。同樣的生活, 在孩子的眼里會呈現出我們發現不了的樂趣和快樂。Children are not sophisticated. They do not love money or reputation, or those big and magnificent houses. If they are hurt by someone, they cry it off. That i

12、s why they usually fall to sound sleep once their heads touch the pillow, and they enjoy the best-quality sleep in the world.Children arc always curious. They are always fancying and thinking, and their brain is always in a happy whirl. A strangely-shaped cloud, a rarely-seen leaf, all these will ar

13、ouse endless associations from them. The same life, in children's eyes, will present pleasures and happiness which we grown-ups can never imagine.5. 處在心靈的荒漠中, 誰都會為這無際的空虛而感到寂寞、孤獨甚至恐懼。其實, 這荒漠只是視野中的“海市蜃樓”。“外面世界歌聲”依舊悅耳, 花草依舊芳艷, 熱情的朋友們正向你走來。只要你自己能夠撥開眼前的迷霧, 仔細審視 " 視野 " 中的景象, 正視內心的細微感動, 就會發現視

14、野中的美, 自然而然地擺脫這無援的境地。If you feel yourself in a desert of heart, you would certainly feel lonely and even frightened among such a vast space of emptiness. In fact, it is just a visionary mirage, common to many people. In fact, there are always pleasant melodies in the world outside, as well as pretty

15、scenes and warm-hearted friends walking up to you. You are sure to see the beauty in your vision and get away from the helpless situation if you can see through the mist around you, study the scenes in your vision, face every little move in your heart.6. 那么失去后的感覺會使你明白擁有的寶貴。當你在黑暗中勾勒黎明的天空時, 才明白已從眼前過去的

16、東方朝霞有多美麗; 當你人過中年時, 才明白年輕時代荒廢了多少光陰; 當你默數渾渾噩噩的往日時, 才明白該干而沒干的太多太多; 當你踴踴獨行在人生路上時, 才明白曾經同行的幸福。如果認為一切都是自然的給予, 那么失去也將是必然的懲罰。You will realize the value of possessing something only after you lose it. When you imagine the feeble light of dawn in total darkness, you realize the beauty of morning sun light tha

17、t has passed; you are already advanced in years before you wail over the time wasted when you were young; when you are silently counting the number of days idled away, you find that you have left so many things that should have been accomplished; and you will not see how valuable it is to have a com

18、panion in life until you find yourself struggling along all alone. If you take everything for granted, you are sure to lose it, a punishment that is inevitable.7.水滴可以穿石, 繩鋸可以斷木, 飛瀑之下, 怎么沒有深淵? 飛瀑是深淵的母親,是她孕育著深淵; 飛瀑是深淵的 "上帝", 是他創造出深淵。飛瀑之于深淵, 真是關系密切, 作用 巨大。飛瀑是深淵之因, 深淵是飛瀑之果。看到飛瀑下的深淵, 自然會對飛瀑肅然起敬

19、。可是有些人, 卻不盡然, 他們站在深淵面前, 贊嘆的只是那一潭深邃的綠水, 卻忘記了那飛瀑日夜沖擊的功勞。 Dripping water can drill through the stone, as much as seesawing rope can cut tree trunks. So it is all too natural that under the downpour of waterfalls there must be a deep pond. Waterfalls are mothers that give birth to deep ponds, or god tha

20、t creates them. Waterfalls have everything to do with the ponds beneath as the former is the cause while the latter the result. One grows respectful to waterfalls when she/he sees the pond beneath. But not for someone z those people only admire the profundity of the dark green water of the pond and

21、totally forgot that it was the waterfalls that made these ponds day and night.8. 后來鳥巢漸漸少了。村莊沒有了樹術, 也就沒有了鳥巢。村西北角二里路的地方有一個鳥巢,成為我們村土地上惟一的一個鳥巢。其實, 鳥巢實在是鳥兒們給人類的一種特殊的賞賜, 是鳥兒們賞賜給人類的愛護自然、保護環境的勛章, 是鳥兒們戴在人類頭上的光榮的桂冠。鳥巢越多, 你的功勞越大, 光榮也就越多。沒有鳥巢的村莊不能算村莊, 要算也只能算是恥辱的村莊。所幸的是在我們村莊周圍, 鳥巢又一個接一個地建立起來了。But later, birds, n

22、ests became fewer and fewer.When there were no trees in a village, it was natural that there were not any birds, nests. And the only nest that was still there was the one two lis (one kilometer)from the northwest corner of the village. In fact, however, birds, nests are really a special reward the b

23、irds confer to human beings, a medal from the birds to those who love nature and protect the environment, a laureate put on their head by the birds. The more the birds, nests, the more your contribution is, and the more glory you have .A village without a birds, nest cannot be called a village, at l

24、east a village of shame.Fortunately, birds, nests are being bunt up one after another all around our villagenow.9.深一點的觀點來思考, 這世間有許多的衫,“怨僧會”, 在相聚時感到重大痛苦的人比比皆是, 如果沒有離別這件好事, 他們不是要永受折, 永遠沉淪于恨海之中嗎?幸好, 人生有離別。因相聚而幸福的人, 離別是好, 使那些相思的淚都化成甜美的水晶; 因相聚而痛苦的人, 自別最好, 霧散云消看見了開闊的藍天。可以因緣離散, 對處在苦難中的人, 有時候正是生命的期待與盼望。From

25、 a more profound point of view, there are in this world many “meetings of complainers”, in which the many participants suffer a lot. And they would be indulged in this forever, drowning themselves in the sea of sorrows and regrets, should there be no such a good thing as parting. Fortunately, there

26、are partings in our life.Parting is good for those who meet in happiness, as the tears of loving thoughts are turned to sweet crystals; it is especially good for those who feel pains in the meeting, as they could see the blue sky clearing up when mists and clouds dissipate. Parting or meeting, whene

27、ver and whichever comes, are sometimes the life's expectation for those who find themselves in bitterness and miseries.10.女兒晃晃小腦袋笑了, 三步并作兩步地往樓道里奔。我急忙跟上去, 她說: 我要回老家看看。一口氣上了五樓, 正待按門鈴, 一股洗麻將牌的聲浪奪門而出, 間雜著尖銳的笑聲。女兒扯了扯我的衣袖, 抽身下樓。瞅著女兒緊繃的小臉, 我把她帶到了兩幢居民樓間的過道, 問她: 還記得在這里打羽毛球嗎? 女兒四處張望說, 才這么巴掌大一塊啊? 小時候我覺得好大呢

28、。是不是人小就顯出了地方大, 長大了地方就變小了呢? Shaking her pretty head, my daughter smiled, and ran toward the doorway in quick steps.I followed her and was told that she would revisit our old home. Climbing up the five flights of the stairway in a breath, she was about to ring the doorbell when out came a gust of nois

29、e, noise of mahjong being reshuffled and shrilling laughter. Pulling at my sleeve, my daughter turned and went down the stairs. Seeing that she was pulling a face, I took her to the lane between two residence buildings and asked whether she remembered she had played badminton there. Looking around,

30、she was surprised and said, “Such a small place? I thought it was very big then. Is it that when you are very young, the place seems big and when you grow up it becomes small?"II.English to ChinesePassage 1Another cause of obscurity is that the writer is not himself quite sure of his meaning. H

31、e has a vague impression of what he wants to say, but has not, either from lack of mental power or from laziness, exactly formulated It in his mind and it is natural enough that he can not find a precise expression for a confused idea. This is due largely to the fact that many writers think, not bef

32、ore, as they write. The pen originates the thought. The disadvantage of this- and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard-is that there is a sort of magic in the written word. The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature, and then stands in the way of

33、its own clarification.晦澀的另一個原因是作者對要說的內容自己都不太清楚。他對想說的東西只有一個模糊 的印象, 可是或由于心力不濟, 或由于懶得用心, 尚沒有在內心把它想清楚。思想混亂, 找不到準確的表達, 那是再自然不過的了。這在很大程度上是因為, 許多作者不是想好了再寫, 而是邊寫邊想, 是筆尖觸發的思想。這么做有一個很不利的因素, 而其包含的危險是作者必須時刻警惕的, 那就是: 書面文字有一種神奇的魔力。思想中的東西一旦有形可見便有了實際的存在, 這反過來又使思想本身無法得到清晰的表達。Passage 2September is more than a month,

34、really; it is a season, an achievement in itself. It begins with August's leftovers and it ends with October's preparations, but along the way it achieves special satisfactions. After summer's heat and haste, the year consolidates itself. Deliberate September-in its own time and tempo -

35、begins to sum up another summer. We think of spring as the miracle time, when opening bud and new leaf proclaim the persistence of life. But September is when the abiding wonder makes itself known in a subtler way. Now growth comes to annual fruition and preparations are completed for another year,

36、another generation. The acorn ripens and the hickory nut matures.The plant commits its future to the seed and the root. The insect stows tomorrow in the egg and the pupa. The surge is almost over and life begins to relax.真的, 九月不僅是一個月, 她是一個季節, 本身就是收獲。她始于承接八月的留贈, 終于 十月的準備, 而在她自己的進程中, 也成就了特殊的滿足。經過了夏季的炎

37、熱和紛擾, 一年開始充實起來。躊躇滿志的九月按著自己的時間表, 以自己的步伐節奏, 開始為又一個夏季做起 了總結。我們總把春天稱為神奇的時間, 綻開的嫩營新葉都宣示著生命生生不息。可九月時光, 那 永恒的奇跡以更為微妙的方式表示著自己的存在。作物到了一年的成熟時期, 為又一年、又一 代做好了準備。橡子成熟了, 胡桃飽滿了, 作物將未來賦予種子和根莖。小蟲子在卵和蝸里儲 下了明天。生命的激蕩過去了, 生活開始平靜松弛。Passage 3It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided i

38、nto two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They ham their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward , not only the means o

39、f sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are

40、 grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.還需要指出的是, 有理性的、勤勞的、有用的人們可分為兩類: 一類人, 工作就是工作, 享樂就是享樂; 第二類人, 其工作和享樂是合二為一的。兩類人中, 前一類是大多數。這一類人的辛勤自有回報: 在辦公室或工廠里度過的漫長的工作時間不僅

41、解決他們的生計問題, 而且使他們能痛快地享受哪怕是最簡單平常的樂趣。但是命運厚愛的孩子卻是第二類人。他們的生活 自然而和諧, 對他們來說, 工作時間從來就不會顯得太長。每一天都是節, 而當平常人的節日來臨時, 他們就覺得不自在, 覺得那是對自己正痛快地過著的節日的干擾。不過無論對哪一 類人來說, 換個角度來看問題, 換個氛圍生活, 換個方向努力, 倒是至關重要的。Passage 4Anxiety tends to be without focus; the anxious person doesn't know whether to blame himself or other peo

42、ple. He isn't sure whether it is the current year or the Administration or a change in climate or the atom bomb that is to blame for this undefined sense of unease.It is clear that we have developed a society which depends on having the right amount of anxiety to make it work. Psychiatrists have

43、 been heard to say,“He didn't have enough anxiety to get well,” indicating that, while we agree that too much anxiety is inimical to mental health, we have come to rely on anxiety to push and prod us into seeing a doctor about a symptom which may indicate cancer, into checking on that old life-i

44、nsurance policy which may have out-of-date clauses in it, into having a conference with Bills teacher even though his report card looks all right.焦慮通常是沒有目標的。心情焦慮的人通常并不知道到底該責怪自己還是別人, 他說不出自己這份無名的不安,到底應該算在誰的頭上, 是流年不利, 是上司不好, 是氣候多變, 還是原子炸彈。很清楚, 我們現在的社會, 就是靠有那么一點焦慮來推動發展的。曾有人聽見心理醫師這么說," 他缺乏足夠的焦慮感, 怕是

45、不容易好。 "這意思是說, 盡管大家都認為, 過度焦慮有害心理健康, 可我們還是得依靠焦慮心情, 催使我們有一點癥狀就去看醫生, 生怕那是癌癥的先兆, 催使我們去查查很久前簽下的人壽保險單, 看看是不是有什么條款已經過時, 催使我們不時地去同孩子的老師談談, 盡管他的校行報告看上去一切都很正常。Passage 5Moreover, the readership of any magazine consists of an assortment of subgroups. This may sound like it contradicts what we have said earl

46、ier about the narrow focus of trade magazines, but really there is no contradiction: Some trade magazines - “horizontal” or “functional”magazines are created specifically to embrace diverse audiences of readers who share a particular interest.(Take for example Folio,which is read by magazine profess

47、ionals of all disciplines-editorial, circulation, advertising, and production.) But even in the narrowest "vertical"magazine, there will be subgroups. At the very least, l magazine will have subcategories based on experience beginners seeking a secure footing in the field, secure professio

48、nals seeking to expand their already substantial knowledge, and experts who want to keep current on and learn of new developments, but who may read the magazine as much to find out what people in the field think or are working on.另外, 任何雜志的讀者群都可再分為數種各不相同的類型組。這聽起來可能與前面所說貿易雜志的目標范圍通常較窄有矛盾, 但事實上這并不矛盾: 有些

49、雜志, 即所謂 " 垂直型 " 或 " 功 能型 " 雜志, 就是為形形色色卻有一特定興趣的讀者編的。 (例如 "FOLIO" 雜志, 就是為所有 學科的雜志的專業編輯人員一一一寫社論的、搞發行的、做廣告的、管印發的人一一一編的。) 不過即使是最狹窄意義上的 " 垂直型 " 雜志, 其讀者也還是能按類型分組的。至少, 可以按經驗多少來區分雜志的讀者: 初次涉獵者希望在該領域站穩腳跟, 專業有成者希望能拓展自己已經相當充分的知識領域, 而專家們則希望緊跟形勢, 了解最新進展, 同樣也想了解本領域其他人士在想什, 做什

50、么。Passage 6I was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half south of the village of Concord and somewhat higher than it, in the midst of an extensive wood between that town and Lincoln, and about two miles south of that our only field known to fame, Concord Battle Ground; but I was

51、 so low in the woods that the opposite shore, half a mile off, like the rest, covered with wood, was my most distant horizon. For the first week, whenever I looked out on the pond it impressed me like a tarn high up on the side of a mountain, its bottom far above the surface of other lakes, and, as

52、the sun arose, I saw it throwing off its nightly clothing of mist, and here and there, by degrees, its soft ripples or its smooth reflecting surface was revealed, while the mists, like ghosts, were stealthily withdrawing in every direction into the woods, as at the breaking up of some nocturnal conv

53、enticle( 秘密集會 ).The very dew seemed to hang upon the trees later into the day than usual, as on the sides of mountains.我住在一個小小的池塘邊, 在康科德村南面一英里半的地方, 地勢比那里略高一些, 周圍 是廣袤的樹林不過我在樹林里的地勢很低, 目力所及, 只是半英里開外同樣被樹林掩映 著的池塘的對岸。第一周里, 每當我看著池塘, 它就像是高處山間的一個小湖, 其底部比其他 的湖面高出許多。日出時分, 我看見池塘拋去了黑夜的霧氣, 一處接一處地, 一點一點地, 顯露出它溫柔的漣

54、游或是平亮如鏡的水面, 而那霧氣則像幽靈般悄悄溜進了四處的樹林, 就像一場被驚散了的黑夜聚會。山脊上掛在樹上的露珠許久不去, 似乎比往常都要長些。Passage 7But a book is written, not to multiply the voice merely. not to carry it merely, but to perpetuate it. The author has something to say which he perceives to be true and useful, or fu1ly beautiful. So far as he knows, n

55、o one has yet said it; so far as he knows, no one else can say it. He is bound to say it, clearly and melodiously if he may; clearly at all events. In the sum of his life he finds this to be the thing, or group of things, manifest to him - this, the piece of true knowledge, or sight, which his share

56、 of sunshine and earth has permitted him to seize. "That is his “writing;” it is, in his small human way, and with whatever degree of true inspiration is in him, his inscription, or scripture. That is a "Book."但是, 寫書不僅僅為了重復聲音, 也不僅僅為了傳達聲音, 而是為了使那聲音永恒。作者 要說的, 他認為是真理 , 很有用, 或是有幫助 , 很美麗。就

57、他而言, 他是第一個說這話的人; 就他而言, 能說這話的沒有第二個人。他不能不說, 而且還要盡可能地說得明白, 說得動昕, 至少要說得明白。他發現這就是他一生中向他顯現的那一件、或那幾件事情一一就是這, 這一真知或灼見, 是他頭上的太陽和腳下的土地使他得以把握住。這就是他的 "寫作", 雖然他個人十分渺小, 也無論他心中受到多少真正的啟示, 這是他的鎊刻, 他的筆畫。這就是 "書 " Passage 8The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it: peeping down th

58、e spread of light, he raised his shoulder heavily, over the edge of gray mountain and wave- ring length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped and crept to the hollow places, then stole away in line and column, holding skirts and clinging subtly at the sheltering corners where rock hung ove

59、r grassland, while the brave lines of the hills came forth, one beyond other gliding.Yet before the floating impress of the woods could clear itself, suddenly the gladsome light leaped over hill and valley, casting amber, blue, and purple, and a tint of rich red rose, according to the scene they lit on, and the curtain flung around; yet all alike dispelling fear and the cloven hoof of darkness, all on the wings of hope advancing. Then life and joy sprang reassured from every crouching hollow; every flower and bud