1、中學英語總復習學問點歸納冠詞 a / an 的用法a 用于輔音音素前a useful book,a university,a “ u”once a weekhave a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short whilean 就用于元音音素前an hour, an

2、 honest boy , an “ ae f h i l mn o r s x” keep an eye on定 冠 詞 the 的 用 法 ： 1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：give me the book.2）上文提到過的人或事：-do you know the lady in blue. yes, she is a teacher of a university.3）指世上獨一物二的事物the sun sky / moon/ earth/world/nature/universe 4）單數名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元;the lion is a wild anim

3、al.或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich/poor/blind/aged /living/impossible5）用在序數詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very, same等前面： i live on the second floor.6）用在表示身體部位的名詞前：she caught me by the arm.7）用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前：she plays the piano violin guitarin the north of china8）用在一般名詞構成專出名詞前：the people rsepublic of chinathe unitedstat

4、esthe great wallthe summer palace9) 用在姓氏的復數名詞之前，表示一家人：the greens are playing the piano.10) in the day, in the morning afternoon，evening, in the middle of, in the end,all the timeat the same timeon the whole, by the way, go to the cinemaat he age of sixat the beginning of the twenty-first centuryon t

5、he other side ofat the momentthe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky water，field ， country in the dark, in the rain,不用定冠詞的情形1 國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：china , europe歐洲 lei feng 雷鋒2）物質名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞； 當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞 failure is the mother of success.失敗乃勝利之母；3）在季節、月份、節

6、日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； childrens daymothers dayfathers day 4）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞；he is captain of the team.5）在三餐、四季，球類運動、學科、消遣運動的名稱前， 不加冠詞如：have breakfast/supper / lunch， play basketball / football / volleyball/ chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter6）當 by 與火車等交通工具連用， 表示一種方式時， 中間無冠詞；by bus/ t

7、rain/ taxi/bus/ ship7）day and night face to face side by side step by step watch tv at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on duty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on tv at town部分詞組有無冠詞的區分in hospital 生病住院in the hospi

8、tal 在醫院里in front of在-的前面 in the front of在- 以 s, x sh ch,等結尾的詞加 -esbus-buseswatch-watches以 o 結尾的名詞，無生命的加 s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos 有生命的 es，如： potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes均可，如： zero-zeros / zeroes 以 f 或 fe 結尾的名詞，去f, fe 加 ves，如： half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-l

9、ives thief-thieves（加 s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safesgulf-gulfs ；）以輔音字母 +y 結尾的詞， 變 y 為 i ，再加 esbaby-babies不規章：a. 單復數形式一樣；sheep, deer, chinese, japanese. people, police, scissors, trousersb.其 他的 ； footfeettooth-teethchild childrenmouse-mice man-men woman-womenbusinessman -businessmengerman-g

10、ermanswomen doctors集體名詞 : people, police,一般表示一個整體，謂用復數 class, family, glasses不行數名詞：常見的不行數名詞有： information,news, room （空間）， work,work,weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meata little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不行數名詞 .不行數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數；假如用and 連接兩個不行數名詞作主語時，謂語

11、動詞用復數；timeand money are-acupglassbottlebox kilogroup crowd class pairoftwo and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of名詞全部格在英語中有些名詞可以加" s&quo來t; 表示全部關系，帶這種 詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的全部格，如：a teachers b；oo名k 詞全部格的規章 如 下 ： 1） 單數名詞詞尾加 " s&quo，t;復數名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加 " s " ，如 the

12、 boy s ，bamgen s room children s daymothers dayfather s day2） 如名詞已有復數詞尾 -s ，只加" " ，如：teachers dayladiesroomtwenty minutes walk3） 凡不能加 " s&qu的ot;名詞，都可以用 " 名詞+of+名詞" 的結構來表示全部關系， 如：the title of the song 歌的名字 ; a picture of family; a map ofchina4） 在表示店鋪或教

13、堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞全部格的后面經常不顯現它所修飾的名詞，如： the barber理s發店；5） 假如兩個名詞并列， 并且分別有 ，s就表示 " 分別有 " ；只有一個 ，s就表示 共有； johns and mary s r（oo兩m間）john and mary s roo（m一間）6） 復合名詞或短語， s加在最終一個詞的詞尾； 如：a month or two bsesnace 7）雙重全部格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of mary s mother s代詞、人稱代詞、物

14、主代詞和反身代詞imemyminemyselfyou youyouryourself yourselves he him hishishimselfsheherher hers herselfit it itsits itselfweusouroursourselves theythem theirtheirs themselves人稱次序 you, he, she, i ;we, you, they主格作主語； 賓格作賓語， 動詞和介詞之后通常作賓格；形容詞性物主代詞不能 單獨使用， 通常放在名詞之前； 名詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞名詞，“of名詞性物主代詞 ”表示所屬關系； a frie

15、nd of mine 我的一位伴侶 ; teacher of hers她的老師代詞 it的用法：指代前面提到過的事物；表天氣；表距離；指嬰兒和不明身份的人；-john, someone in your class phoned you this morning.-oh, who was it.用作形式主語；its kind / good / nice /clever /polite / foolish of sb. to do sth.its important / necessary / possible / easy / difficult for sb to do sth, its ti

16、me to get up.its time for lunch.its ones turn to do it seems thatit takes sb. some time to do sth.用作形式賓語； find / think / feel + it +adj +to do sth it one 的區分it特指上文提到的同一對象，同一事物；one 同類而不同一；that 常用于比較結構中，代替前面提到的名詞，以防止重復；反身代詞構成規章：一、二物主，三為賓；運用： hurt/ teach/ wash / buy/ enjoy oneselfby / help oneself one

17、selves to - / look after oneself/ say to oneself/ come to oneself、不定代詞little, a little, few, a few=severalsome, some, any much,little ， 幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾不行數名詞；a little一點點，表示確定，用以修飾不行數名詞；only a little僅一點點 .也可修飾形容詞和副詞；一點點，放在動詞、動詞賓語后；few 幾乎沒有，表示否定意思，用以修飾可數名詞；a few=several 幾個，一些，表示確定意思，用以修飾可數名詞；some一些，修飾

18、可數名詞，后跟復數形式名詞或ones, 也可修飾不行數名詞；在表示懇求、 委婉語氣的疑問句和表示期望得到對方的確定回答的問句中，常用some. could you give me some apples.any 一些，任何一些；一般用于疑問句中或否定句中和if 引導的條件句中；much 很多；修飾不行數名詞，放在不行數名詞前，可用a lot of 替換；too much 太多的，用法相當于 much ，放在不行數名詞前； heath is very important to us. we should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of too m

19、uch rich food.much too 太，用法相當于 too, 放在形容詞和副詞前； keep quiet. it s much toonoisy here.more than 超過，多于； =overmore or less 或多或少，差不多； =about at least 至少a lot 很多，修飾動詞； thanks a lot.a lot of = lots of很多的，可修飾可數名詞和不行數名詞；a number of很多的 ,= many 只用于修飾復數形式名詞，放在可數名詞復數前；every 用于三個或三個以上， 著眼于整體； 后可跟數詞； 詞組有 every ten

20、minuetseach 用于兩個或兩個以上，著眼于個體；詞組有each ofeither兩個中任何一個either -orboth兩個都 both - and - both of -neither 兩個中一個也沒有e.g.-do you like talking with your friends on thetelephone or mobile phone. -neither, i enjoy using qq. neither - nor -any 三個以上中任何一個all 三個以上中全部none 三個以上中一個也沒有；none of - 中沒有一個，表示三個或以上數目的人或物中沒有一個

21、，表否定，作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數；others表示“泛指”除自己外，別的人； some -, others - the other 表示兩個中的另一個； one -, the other -the others 表示特指的另一些；another 后跟單數名詞；表示泛指另一個人；后跟帶數詞的復數名詞，表示“再，仍要”的意思；other 別的，另外的，一般后跟復數名詞或ones , 在 other 前可加 some, many 或數詞，表示 “幾個，一些別的 ”such a tall buildingsuch an exciting football match so many people

22、each other相互，彼此，指兩個或兩個物時；one another 相互，彼此，指三者或三者以上的彼此； one another數詞s 相互的，彼此的；表示數目多少或次序多少的詞叫數詞，數詞分為基數詞和序數詞； 表示數目多少的數詞叫基數詞；表示次序的數詞叫序數詞；一、基數詞和序數詞1）基數詞寫法和讀法：百位與十位， 用 and,十位與個位，寫時用 “”先確定分節號，從右至左，每隔三位數是一個分節號；第一個分節號是千位 thousand4其次個分節號是千位million第三個分號節是十億位billion.1, 234 ,567, 892 one billiontwo hundred and

23、 thirty-fourmillionfive hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety-two 2）分數表示法構成：分子基，分母序，分子大于1 時，分母在序數詞后加s：1/2 a half1/3 one-third； 2/3two thirds3/4 three quarters = three fourths2-3/4 two and three fourths 3）表示" 歲月" ，用 in +the +數詞復數；in the 1980s （20 世紀 80 歲月）4）表某人幾歲

24、時 :in +物主代詞 +數詞的復數形式in ones twenties 5）he lives in rom 88.one plus two is three. three times five is fifteen.6） hundred , thousand , million等詞前有詳細的數字時，不能加s如 three hundreds 這種說法是錯誤的7） hundreds ofthousands ofmillions of8）a 21-year-old girl three days and a half = three and a half days one and a half h

25、ours = one hour and a half well have two weeks holiday two-week holiday 9）（基數詞變序數詞的口訣）一、二、三特殊記， th 從四以上記 ;怎么加很簡單，八減t ，九減 e;f 來 把 ve替，見 y 變 ie; 如是遇到幾十幾，變換個位就可以；one-firsttwo-secondthree- thirdfive- fiftheight-eighthnine- ninth twelve twelfththirteen-thirteenthfifteen-fifteentheighteen- eighteenthtwent

26、y- twentiethtwenty-one-twenty-firstthirty-thirtiethforty-fortiethfiftyfiftiethsixty- sixtiethseventy- seventietheighty-eightiethninety-ninetieth序數詞的縮寫形式：first-1st second-2nd thirty-first-31st形容和副詞修飾 something, anything, everything, anybody 等不定代詞的形容詞，形容詞要放在不定代詞之后； i have something important to tell y

27、ou. enough修飾形容詞、副詞時， enough要放在形容詞和副詞之后；far enough interesting, exciting, boring, amazing, surprising, moving主語為物； interested,excited, amazed, surprised, frightened, tired, pleased主語為人； much, far, a lot,a little,even 等后要用形容詞或副詞的比較級；i felleven worse now.5.連系動詞 be, 感官動詞 look, smell, taste, sound, feel

28、三個變 get, become, turn,keep 后跟形容詞 .既可作形容詞又可作副詞的詞有： hard 作形容詞 =difficult ,作副詞，放在 work, rain 等后,表努力地做； well 作形容詞身體好 ; 作副詞，做得好；long 作形容詞，表事物的長度，作副詞，放在last, talk 等后,表動作連續；fast 作作形容，放在系動詞后，作副詞放在rain, make sth等.詞后，表 “做得快”；high 作形容詞 “山，海浪的高；作副詞 , 放在 fly, jump等后表飛得高，跳得高；五、形容詞變為副詞 +lyuseful, wide, strong 改 y

29、為 i, 再加 lyhealthy , heavy, happy, lucky, noisy, good wellterrible-terriblyprobable-probably多數以 ly結尾的詞是副詞；但 friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, daily, lively是形容詞； china is larger than any other county in asia. （同一范疇 china is larger than any county in afirca.（不同范疇 how much 對不行數名詞數量的提問和提問價格； how long多久，多

30、長時間；回答常用：for +段時間since +點時間；how soon 多快，多久以后；回答常用：in +段時間how often多長時間一次，提問頻率；回答常用：once twice a week, three times a day, oftenhow far多遠，對距離提問；回答常用：fifteen minutes walk , 10 meters away形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級：原級: as +原級 + as ;not as / so + 原 級 +as =反義詞 +thanenglish isas interesting as chinese.mr. zhang isn t

31、as old as mr. li. = mr. zhang is younger than mr. li.比較級的標志詞than,lily s bag is bigger than hers. much, far, a little, even , next time which / who -a,b .which is more beautiful, tom, jim. the +比較級-,the+比較級 -the more we get together, the happier we ll be.比較級 +and+比較級 （多音節詞和部分雙音節詞用more and more +原級）越來

32、越-harder and harder , our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.最高級標志詞： the + 最高級 + of/ inshanghai is the biggest city in china. one ofthe +最高級 +名詞復數zhou jiekun isone ofthe most popular singers. which / who -+最高級 , a, b or c.who city is the most beautiful, beijing,shanghai or kunming.序數詞 +最高級

33、，表 “第幾最 - ”c hang jiang is the first longest river in china. the second largest population形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構成規章（略）不規章 : good / well - better- bestbad / badly/ ill-worse-worstmany / much - more -mostlittle-less-leastfar -farther（較遠） - farthestfar-further （進一步）-furthesttired -more tired -the most tired r

34、ight, tired, glad. pleased. real 動詞的時態祈使句祈使句用以表達命令，要求，懇求，勸說等；1） 祈使句否定在句首加don：tdon t move.don t be late.2） lets -shall we .let us him - will you / won t y感ou嘆.句how+ 形容詞或副詞 +主語+謂語+其它how lovely the baby is.what a / an + 形容詞 +可數名詞單數 +主語+謂語+其它what a clever boy he is. what +形容詞 +可數名詞復數 +主語 +謂語 +其它what won

35、derfulideas we have. what +形容詞 +不行數名詞 +主語+謂語+其它what cold weather it is.反意疑問句1) 陳述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few,seldom, hardly, rarely, little,too-to 等否定含義的詞時， 疑問部分用確定含義；some plants never blown 開 do they .花,2) 陳述部分有 have to +v. had to + v.， 疑問部分常用 don t主+ 語（ didn t主+語）；we have to get there at ei

36、ght tomorrow, don t we.3) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用 didn t主+ 語或usedn t主+語； he used to take pictures there, didn t he. / usedn t he.4) 陳述部分有 had better + v. 疑問句部分用 hadn t you. you d better read it by yourself, hadn t you.5) 陳述部分由 neither, nor, either,or 連接的并列主語時，疑問部分依據其實際規律意義而定；neither you nor i am eng

37、ineer, are we.6) 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用 it；everything is ready, isn t it.7) 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句，疑問部分有三種情形：a. 并列復合句疑問部分，謂語動詞依據鄰近從句的謂語而定；mr. smith had been to beijing for several times, he should have been in china now, shouldn t he.b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復合句，疑問部分謂語依據主句的謂語而定：he

38、 is not the man who gave us a talk, is he.he said he wanted to visit japan, didn t he.c. 上述部分主句謂語是think,believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等引導的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句；i don t think he is bright, is he. we believe she can do it better, can t she.8) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no o

39、n等e ，疑問部分常用復數they，有時也用單數he；everyone knows the answer, don t they. does he. nobody knows about it, do they. does he.9) 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you ；don t do that again, will you.go with me, will you / won t you .留意：let s開頭的祈使句，后用shall we.let s go and listen to the music, shall we.let us 開頭的祈使句， 后用 w

40、ill you.let us wait for you in the reading-room, willyou .10) 陳述部分是 "there be" 結構的，疑問部分用there 省略主語代詞；there is something wrong with your watch, isn t there. there will not be any trouble, will there.11) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式；it is impossible, isn t it.he is not unkind to his clas

41、smates, is he.并列句 and和，并且，work hard, and you can pass the exam. but 但是he is rich but he is not happy.or 否就，要不然，或者（在否定句中表和）hurry up, or youll be late.so 因此，所以kate was ill so she didnt go to school.for 由于i have to stay up late, for i have a lot of work to do.狀語從句當狀語從句的引導詞為if, when, before, after, unti

42、l, as soon as 等，主句和從句有以下情形：英語句子中假如一看到thought-but-; because-so-這種結構 ,就是錯誤 .倒 裝 句 so+助動詞 be 動詞 情態動詞 +另一主語，表示后者與前者一樣；so+上句主語 +助動詞 be 動詞 情態動詞，真的，的確如此；tom watched tv last night, so did ann.tom didn t watch tv last night. neither did ann.-youve left the light on. -so i have. ill go and turn it off.賓語從句.從句

43、用陳述句語序；.主句與從句的關系； a主現從不限； b主過從過；c真金不怕火煉； the earth moves around the sun.常見的賓語從句；she says that -i hope / think / feel / wonder- i wonder if he will join us in the discussion tonight.could you tell / show me-could you please tell me where the teacher is.do you know-do you know where mr. li lives. plea

44、se tell me -she asked me -i dont know -i dont know whether tom will go or not.定語從句s officethat 和 which 在指物的情形下一般都可以互換, 但在以下情形下 , 一般用 that 而不用 which；1 先行詞為 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時；i am sure she has something that you can borrow. 2先行詞被 all, every, no, some, an

45、y, little, much等修飾時；i ve read all the books that are not mine. 3先行詞被序數詞或最高級修飾時；this is the first book that he has read.4先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the las修t this is the very book that belongs to him.一般用 that 而不用 who(1) 先行詞是 who 或 who 引導的主句；飾時；who is the girl that drove the car.who that broke

46、 the window will be punished.(2) 主句以 there be 引導時 ；there are 200 people that didntthat 和 which 在指物的情形下一般都可以互換, 但在以下情形下 , 一般用 which而 不 用 that ；1關系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）；those are many trees under which they can have a rest.2在非限制性定語從句中；football , which is a very popular game, isplayed all over the w

47、orld.后跟 ing的詞有finish doingbefore2021 beijingwe willfinishbuildingthe olympicpark. enjoy doing 喜愛做某事i enjoy reading english loudly.mind doing介意（反對）做某事would you mind opening the window.practice doing sth. 練習做某事we should practice speaking english as often as possible.be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth do

48、ing sth. 值得做某事feel like doing sth =want to do sth. 想要做某事spend - in doing sth 花費時間做某事stop / prevent / keep -from doing阻擋某人做某事have trouble problem / a hard time doing sth.做某事很困難have fun doing sth. =have a good time doing sth.做某事很歡樂go on doing sth 接著做原先做著的事go shopping / swimming/ skating /surfing- do s

49、ome running / washing/ cooking -介詞for, with, without, about -后跟動詞原形 : why don t you why notyou d better notwould you please notmake let have 留意: 在被動語態中 , t o 要加上 后跟 ing和 to的區分developing country 進展中國家developed country 發達國家stop to do sth.停下手中的事而去做另外的事（事情有兩件） stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事情（事情只有一件）remember to

50、 do sth記.住要去做某事（事情沒有做）remember doing sth. 記得曾經做過某事（事情已經做） forget to do sth.遺忘去做某事（事情沒做）forget doing sth.遺忘曾經做過的事情（事情已經做）try to do sth. 努力去做某事try doing sth. 試著去做某事go on to do sth.做完一件事，接著改做另外一件事go on doing sth. 連續不停地做某事see / hear sb doing / do情態動詞can 能，可能，表示才能，推測；過過式could可能，或許；主要用在疑問句、否定句中，表示懷疑、估量，不用

51、確定句中；對 could 的委婉語氣回答一般不直接用yes 和 no，要用 certainly, of course. ok. sure. would you please not do- . would you like to play football with me tonight. yes, id love to. sorry, i am busy. yes, i d love to. but - would you like some bananas. yes, please. no. thanks.在表示懇求、 委婉語氣的疑問句和表示期望得到對方的確定回答的問句中，常用 some.

52、 could you give me some apples.may可以，表許可；may i - ？ 回答：yes, you may. yes, of course. no, you may not. no, you d better not.或許，可能；表推測，但把握性不是很大； maybe= perhaps是副詞，放在句首或句末；maybe 和 maybe 不同； must must i -.否定回答用 no, you neednt. no, you dont have to.必需；應當； mustnt 禁止，確定不能； must 表主觀； have to 表客觀；dont have to = neednt must 肯定；用于表估量；表示有很大的把握時用，只用于確定句、不用疑問句； 否定句中 cant 有不行能之意；need dont have to do sth. = ne