1、新高一暑假作業第十講新高一暑假作業第十講簡單句和并列句簡單句和并列句 I. I. 句子的分類按構造句子的分類按構造1. 簡單句簡單句 Simple Sentences 2. 并列句并列句 Compound Sentences3. 復合句復合句 Complex Sentences1. 簡單句簡單句 He gives me a book. Tom and I play football together. We all laugh, sing and dance. 由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語構成的句子叫簡單句。或并列謂語構成的句子叫簡單句。2. 并列句并

2、列句 I am poor I work hard. Be quick you will be late. 由并列連詞如：由并列連詞如：and, so, but, or等把等把 兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一同而構成兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一同而構成 的句子。的句子。butor3. 復合句復合句 由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成 的句子的句子,從句是主句的一個成分。從句是主句的一個成分。 We dont know who they are waiting for. When it rains, I go to school by bus.II. II. 簡

3、單句的五種根本句型簡單句的五種根本句型 1. 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 The students are running.2. 主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 表語表語 John is a music teacher. 3. 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 賓語賓語 She likes her new bike.4. 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 賓語賓語 + 賓補賓補 We call him Jack.5. 主語主語 + 謂語謂語 + 間賓間賓 + 直賓直賓 He brouhgt me a dictionary.并列句的常用連詞并列句的常用連詞 我們常用并列連詞我們常用并列連詞and, not on

4、ly but also等銜接表順接關系等銜接表順接關系 Use your head, and youll find a way. 我們常用并列連詞我們常用并列連詞but, while, however, yet等銜接表轉機關系。等銜接表轉機關系。 She tried her best, but she failed. 3. 我們常用并列連詞我們常用并列連詞or, eitheror, 等銜接表選擇關系。等銜接表選擇關系。 Be quick, or youll be late. Either you leave this house or Ill call the police.4. 我們常用并列

5、連詞我們常用并列連詞so, for等銜接表等銜接表 因果關系。因果關系。 It was late, so we went home.句子的分類按用途句子的分類按用途 陳說句陳說句 Declarative Sentences 疑問句疑問句 Interrogative Sentences 祈使句祈使句 Imperative Sentences 感慨句感慨句 Exclamatory Sentences Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲傳播速度快。闡明現實光比聲傳播速度快。闡明現實 The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。闡明觀念這

6、部電影很乏味。闡明觀念1. 陳說句陳說句 用來陳說現實或觀念。用來陳說現實或觀念。陳說句的否認構造陳說句的否認構造 1. be 動詞和情態動詞的否認方式是動詞和情態動詞的否認方式是 在在be動詞和情態動詞后加動詞和情態動詞后加not. He was not watching TV last night.You shouldnt stay here. 2. 實義動詞的否認方式，是在實義動詞實義動詞的否認方式，是在實義動詞 前加助動詞構成否認。前加助動詞構成否認。 I dont understand your words.He hasnt done it yet.要特別留意陳說句的否認構造要特別留

7、意陳說句的否認構造1. 否認轉移否認轉移:主句謂語動詞是主句謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess 等表等表“以為以為 的動詞時的動詞時,賓語從句的否認習慣上賓語從句的否認習慣上前移到主句謂語上前移到主句謂語上.I dont think I know you.She doesnt believe you are wrong. 2. 句中含有句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, nothing, nobody, nowhere等詞時等詞時, 應視為否認句。應視為否認句。I coul

8、d hardly hear anything.He rarely comes to see me.None of us has been to Beijing.I saw nothing in the darkness.We could find her nowhere. 用來提出懇求，建議或發出命令，一定的祈使用來提出懇求，建議或發出命令，一定的祈使句用動詞原形開頭，否認的祈使句用句用動詞原形開頭，否認的祈使句用Dont 或或 Never +動詞原形開頭。動詞原形開頭。2. 祈使句祈使句Sit down, please!Dont be nervous!有時為了加強語氣還可以在動詞前面用有時為

9、了加強語氣還可以在動詞前面用上助動詞上助動詞do。Do come earlier, please! 表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等心情，表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等心情， 常用常用what或或how來引導。常見的句型構造：來引導。常見的句型構造： What + 名詞名詞 +主語主語+謂語！謂語！ How +描畫詞或副詞描畫詞或副詞 +主語主語+謂語！謂語！What good news it is!What a silly question he asked! How cool it is today!How hard the students are working!3. 感慨句感慨句 1)普通

10、疑問句普通疑問句 常指用常指用yes或或no回答的句回答的句子，常把助動詞子，常把助動詞be、have、do或情態動詞或情態動詞等提到主語之前等提到主語之前4. 疑問句疑問句You can finish the work in time. Can you finish the work in time? Yes, I can./ No, I cant.2) 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 指用疑問詞開頭的疑指用疑問詞開頭的疑問句，不能用問句，不能用yes或或no回答回答 Where do you live? What do you like most? 3)選擇疑問句選擇疑問句 這種疑問句通常提出兩這種

11、疑問句通常提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇，供選種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇，供選擇的部分常用擇的部分常用or 銜接。銜接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Which jacket did he buy, the green one or the red one? 4)反意疑問句反意疑問句 由由“陳說句陳說句+附加疑問句構成，表示說話附加疑問句構成，表示說話者對所表達的現實雖有一定見解，但沒有者對所表達的現實雖有一定見解，但沒有把握，提出疑問，希望得到對方的證明。把握，提出疑問，希望得到對方的證明。常見句型構造：前一定后否認；常見句型構造：前一定

12、后否認； 前否認后一定前否認后一定Work is a big part of your life, isnt it?They all had a good time, didnt they? He doesnt know her, does he?其中附加疑問句必需與前面的陳說其中附加疑問句必需與前面的陳說句在人稱和數的方面堅持一致句在人稱和數的方面堅持一致留意留意: 陳說句中的否認有多種方式，除了用陳說句中的否認有多種方式，除了用not之外，還可以用之外，還可以用hardly, few, little, never, seldom, nobody, nothing, nowhere等詞表示否

13、認，但否認的前綴等詞表示否認，但否認的前綴和后綴不算否認。和后綴不算否認。She dislikes pets, doesnt she?Tom can hardly cook, can he?Nobody came here just now, did they?Practice一指出以下句子分別屬于簡單句還是一指出以下句子分別屬于簡單句還是并列句。假設是簡單句，說出是哪種并列句。假設是簡單句，說出是哪種根本句型。假設是并列句，請劃出銜根本句型。假設是并列句，請劃出銜接詞。接詞。1. All roads lead to Rome.2. He got up, dressed quickly, wa

14、shed himself and went out.3. Is he a superman?4. Dont be shy. Have a try.5. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.6. He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.7. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.8. Hurry up, or youll be late.1. All roads lead to Rome.主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語簡單句簡單句2. He got

15、 up, dressed quickly, washed himself and went out.簡單句簡單句主語主語謂語謂語He is a superman.3. Is he a superman?系動詞系動詞主語主語表語表語4. Dont be shy. Have a try.簡單句簡單句簡單句簡單句祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句5. The man dressed in black seems to be a spy.系動詞系動詞主語主語表語表語簡單句簡單句6. He is a basketball fan, and his wife is a volleyball fan.并列句并列句7.

16、 Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.8. Hurry up, or youll be late.并列句并列句并列句并列句10. The blue jacket looks nice on you. _ is it? Its 50 dollars. How many B. How much C. How long D. How often根據回答根據回答“It s 50 dollars.得知訊問價得知訊問價錢，用特殊疑問詞錢，用特殊疑問詞“how much二單項選擇二單項選擇15. The air is fresh outside. Lets go and t

17、ake a walk, _ ? will you B. shall we C. dont you D. arent you祈使句中陳說部分用祈使句中陳說部分用lets, 疑問部分用疑問部分用shall we; 陳說部分用陳說部分用let us, 疑問部分用疑問部分用will you.16. Few well-known singers came to the concert，did they? _ .Such as Andy Lau，Jay Chou and Kristy Zhang A. No，they didnt B. Yes，they did C. No，they did D. Yes，

18、they didntyes, no與后面的答語要一致，因此排除與后面的答語要一致，因此排除CD。英文中根據現實回答，與漢語的習慣略有英文中根據現實回答，與漢語的習慣略有不同。不同。17. _ kind girl Nancy is! Yes, she is always ready to help others. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a感慨句感慨句“What +a +adj.+可數名詞單數可數名詞單數+主主語語+謂語！謂語！18. Could you tell me _? Yes. He_ to the USA. A. where he is; has

19、 gone B. where is he; has been C. where was he; has been D. where he was; has gone賓語從句為陳說語序，排除賓語從句為陳說語序，排除BC。訊問如今。訊問如今在哪，所以為如今時。在哪，所以為如今時。21. You lent me some money a few months ago. _ ? I dont remember lending you any money. A. Did I B. Did you C. Do I D. Do you借錢與否為過去的事，所以用過去時。答借錢與否為過去的事，所以用過去時。答案

20、補充完好為案補充完好為“Did I lend you some money? 23. Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? _ . A. Yes, a dictionary B. No, a magazine C. A dictionary D. Yes, both選擇疑問句的回答不需用選擇疑問句的回答不需用“yes或或“no, 直接回答所選項即可。直接回答所選項即可。25. “Tom, _ afraid of speaking in public. You are no longer a small boy,said Mum.

21、 A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. don t be否認的祈使句用否認的祈使句用Dont 或或 Never +動詞原動詞原形開頭形開頭32.Few people knew how to use the Internet in the past, _ ? A. did they B. didnt they C. did he D. didnt he 反義疑問句前否后肯，附加疑問部分的人反義疑問句前否后肯，附加疑問部分的人稱與數必需與陳說部分堅持一致。稱與數必需與陳說部分堅持一致。few闡明闡明陳說部分能否認句，主語陳說部分能否認句，主語“people為復為復

22、數，用人稱代詞數，用人稱代詞“they替代。替代。33. Why is Tom absent? He must be sick, _ ? A. isnt he B. must he C. is he D. mustnt he 當當must用來對如今的情況進展推測時，附用來對如今的情況進展推測時，附加疑問部分的謂語要與主語的人稱和數一加疑問部分的謂語要與主語的人稱和數一致。致。34.I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _? A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he “

23、I dont think + 賓語從句句型變為反賓語從句句型變為反義疑問句時，附加疑問部分的動詞、主語義疑問句時，附加疑問部分的動詞、主語和時態與從句中的動詞、主語和時態堅持和時態與從句中的動詞、主語和時態堅持一致，并用一定方式。一致，并用一定方式。37._ fine weather it is today! A.What a B. How C. How a D. What感慨句感慨句“What + adj.+不可數名詞不可數名詞+主語主語+謂語！謂語！ 38. _ long the bridge is! Let me drive you over it. A.What B. What a C

24、. How D. How a感慨句感慨句“How+ adj.+主語主語+謂語！謂語！ 41. The writer began to love her mothers desk _. A. after Mother died B. before she became a writer C. when she was a child D. when Mother gave it to her 由全文第一句可知答案。其中由全文第一句可知答案。其中“tall enough闡明作者當時是個孩子。闡明作者當時是個孩子。三三 閱讀了解閱讀了解42. The passage shows that _. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter B. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done C. Mother cared much about he