1、水產養殖水質調控水產養殖水質調控 1.6 Water quality control of aquaculture1.6.1 Main factors affecting water qualityChemistry: 工業，農業，人為活動工業，農業，人為活動Biology: D.O，PH1.6.2Methos of water quality control養殖水體水質調控方法養殖水體水質調控方法1.6.2.1Chemical controlUse chemicals to control PH and toxic (有毒有毒gas.1.6.2.2 Physical control 1.Im

2、prove bottom layer quality改善底質 2.Water resource treatment水源處置 3.Water exchange or refill改換或補充新水1.6.2.3 Biological control生物控制1、Increse useful zoonplankton through artificial culture.2、Microecologics微生態制劑3、Photosynthetic bacteria光合細菌4、Higher aquatic plants水生植物1.6.3 Biological control of water quality

3、養殖水體水質生物調控措施養殖水體水質生物調控措施1.6.3.1 Obsercation of color and transparency水色和透明度察看水色和透明度察看“看看水水 The fisherman observe the pond water mainly about漁民看水主要根據漁民看水主要根據 1. water color (water expression)水色水色(水水華華)1 1The relationship between water The relationship between water color and plant plankton color and

4、plant plankton Table1-1Table1-1 Pigment ColorColorAlgaeAlgaechlorophyll greengreen algae, euglena yellow pigment yellow, yellow-brown diatom, golden algae, dinoflagellate, Cryptomanasphycobilin leucocyan blue, blue-green blue algae rhodophyll purpleblue algae2Water color (water expression) in rich w

5、ater肥水肥水“水華類型水華類型 The phenomenon that the water shows evident color owing to the mass propagation of plant plankton is call water expression. It can be divided into the follow types according to its apperance Table1-2:Type of water expression Water appearance The composition of algae Water evaluatio

6、n solution non-flagellate even and stable stable water cloudiness flagellate light-and shade good water but with the danger of going bad membranaceous blue algae with simulated vacuole covered the water surface Good and bad are all possible water quality grade water color water expression type good

7、water brown, yellow-brown, green-brown cloudiness, solution-like bad water blue、purple membranaceous common water green solution-like 2. transparency透明度 1Water transparency and the phytoplankton透明度與浮游植物的關系2Water transparency and the water fertility透明度與水體肥度Table1-4 Water fertility transparency plant

8、plankton amount water color High unfertile wate 100 5 no color Unfertile water 100-50 5-10 a little colorFertile water 50(40)-20 10(20)-100 tinted High fertile water 20-10 100-200 rich color Used out water 200 very rich color 3. Observation of water nutrition水體肥瘦水體肥瘦與水質判別與水質判別Iii Water fertility and

9、 the water quality: fertilized, circulating, fresh, cleanThe meaing of fertilized, circulating, fresh and clean in biology肥、活、嫩、爽肥、活、嫩、爽vThe good water in fishermans eye is high summarize as the four words. This is much more comprehensive than only judge the water by its color.vHowever, there actual

10、ly has an concept of biological meaning of the four words. Its quite essential to make this clear by test the species and quantity of the plant plankton.v1Fertility. The concept of fertile water is not unified now. some according to the nutritive saltsand and dissolved organic matter quantity, some

11、according to the amount of plankton.vBut in a fishermans eye, the sign of fertile water is the rich color of it, which means the quantity of plant plankton.v(2) circulating means there are changes of water color and transparencyv(3) fresh means the water is fertilize and vigorous.v(4) clean the prem

12、ise is fresh, which means the plant plankton is growing, and the same time there is few other suspendedsolids like mud in the water. vwe can see the biological standard of the water for fish cultivation in a fishermans eye:v A.The quantity of plant plankton should be 20-100 milligram per liter.浮游植物量

13、20100毫克/升v B.Many Flagellatae, few small-size blue algae.鞭毛藻類較多，小型藍藻較少v C.The algae community in a growing period and no senescence of the cell.藻類種群處于增長期，細胞未老化v D.Not too much suspended substance except plankton.浮游生物以外的其它懸浮物不過多1.6.3.2 Regulation of Water 1.6.3.2 Regulation of Water FertilityFertilit

14、y水體肥度調控水體肥度調控 The fertility of breeding water mainly depends on the quantity of phytoplankton; more phytoplankton means fertile,while less phytoplankton means poor. So the water named differently accordingly as fertile water, poor water, old water, and even good water (in terms of quality) . The reg

15、ulation of water fertility for increasing species yield just obey the ground rules as follows. 1.Making poor water become fertile廋水變肥 Reasons for being poor:(1) lack of nutritional salt; (2)phytoplankton has been intaken by zoonplankton. Water control: Add fertilizer(Organic or non-organic) or nutri

16、tional salt (nitrogen and phosphorus)2.Not letting fertile water become old肥水不老 In old water phytoplankton over multiply. And the water is lack of nutritive salt and light so photosynthesis cannot work properly. Old water is the water in which phytoplankton cell becomes old. Water control: At around 10 am of sunny day, use 1PPMCuSO4 to kill green algae. At around 5 pm, drain half of the pond and refill with new water.3. Old becomes good老水轉好 Good water must be fertile water, which means that there are sufficient phytoplankton as primary producer to be eaten by raised animals and bait an