1、 現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時與 一般過去時一般過去時 、 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別（一）（一）一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的概念的概念一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的作或存在的狀態(tài)狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與yesterday、 yesterday afternoon、 the day before yesterday 、last year、in 1965、 a moment ago 、 just now 等表示過去的等表示過去的具體的具體的時

2、間狀語連用。時間狀語連用。例如：例如：he came here yesterday. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作（或狀態(tài)）對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作（或狀態(tài)）對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果常與產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果常與ever， never， before , twice, already ,just， yet， so far， since, for ， up to now， in past years 等，等，皆皆不確定或模糊不確定或模糊的時間狀語的時間狀語連用連用。 例如例如he has just broken his bottle. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài). 通常與

3、副詞sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等時間狀語連用。they usually go to school by bike.i take the medicine three times a day.she helps her mother once a week.he often watches tv. mary likes reading interesting stories marys father is a policeman.ther

4、e are 50 students in my class.( (二）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時二）一般過去時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和和一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時的的區(qū)別區(qū)別）現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時是表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)是表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而系，主要說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài)；而一般一般過去時過去時則強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)則強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣表示經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)性的動作或存在的狀態(tài).與過去沒有關(guān)系與過去沒有關(guān)系。例如：例如：we havent seen him sin

5、ce last year. 我們自從我們自從去年以來一直未見到他去年以來一直未見到他（現(xiàn)在還未見到）（現(xiàn)在還未見到）we didnt see him last year. 我們?nèi)ツ隂]見到我們?nèi)ツ隂]見到他他.（現(xiàn)在不一定未見到）（現(xiàn)在不一定未見到）i often see him.(現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常見到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常見到)）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到）現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在）的某個動作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時間狀語連用，一般過去時表示過在有關(guān)的時間狀語連用，一般過去時表示過去某一特定（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）的時間，與具體去某一特定（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）的時間，

6、與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：的表示過去的時間狀語連用。例如：he has lived here since he was born. 自他出生自他出生以來一直居住在這兒以來一直居住在這兒。（since 自從自從以來以來，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，說明他還居住在這兒。）說明他還居住在這兒。）liu mei went to see her grandmother last night . 劉劉梅昨晚去看了他外婆梅昨晚去看了他外婆。（只說明昨晚）（只說明昨晚） 例如：例如：we are good friends(現(xiàn)在情況現(xiàn)在情況) 我們是好朋友。我們是好朋友。 i got to know hi

7、m in 2005. (過去的動作過去的動作) 我在我在2005年認(rèn)識（結(jié)識）他年認(rèn)識（結(jié)識）他 we have known each other since 2005. (現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在) 自從自從2005年來我們就相互認(rèn)識。年來我們就相互認(rèn)識。（三）值得注意幾個問題（三）值得注意幾個問題）動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時候，并且動作發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到說話的時候，并且還在延續(xù)時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：還在延續(xù)時，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：we have studied english for two year

8、s. 我們學(xué)英語我們學(xué)英語兩年了兩年了）指過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有表示過去的時間狀指過去的經(jīng)歷，但沒有表示過去的時間狀語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：語，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如：i have been to shanghai twice . 我曾去過上海兩次我曾去過上海兩次）句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday ,last week, in 1960）時）時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 4 4）以）以whenwhen開頭的特殊疑問句，要用一

9、般過去時。例如：開頭的特殊疑問句，要用一般過去時。例如：when did you lose your pen? when did you lose your pen? 你什么時候丟了鋼筆？你什么時候丟了鋼筆？5）just (剛剛）與剛剛）與現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時連用，連用，just now (剛才）剛才）與與一般過去時一般過去時連用。例如：連用。例如：the train has just gone. 火車剛剛離開。火車剛剛離開。the train left here just now. 火車是剛才離開。火車是剛才離開。6）since 作介詞，后面跟時間名詞一起作狀語時，句子要用作介詞，后面跟時間

10、名詞一起作狀語時，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時；since 作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。成時，從句用一般過去時。7）so far，in the last / past 與與現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時連用。連用。例如例如 ：so far，many countries have sent up satellites into space. in the last 30 years， our lives have changed a lot.he has worked in this factory since 1996.i have

11、known him since he was a child. ( (四四） 現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的現(xiàn)在完成時應(yīng)注意的四個區(qū)別四個區(qū)別 1 1）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別。）延續(xù)性動詞與短暫性動詞的區(qū)別。 2）since 和和 for 的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。3）have / has gone to； have / has been to；have / has been in 的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。4) already和和yet 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 a、leave been away from buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead get upbe up turn onbe on come /

12、 get backbe back go to townbe in town finishbe over catch a coldhave a cold closebe closed / not open openbe open fall ill / asleep be ill / asleep begin /startbe on get /receive a letter fromhave a letter fromb、come to be here / there arrive in （at）/ get to / reachbe here / there join the army-be i

13、n the army/ be a soldier join the league-be in the league / be a league member（五）延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納（五）延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換歸納1. he died 10 years ago. - he _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he _ _ t

14、he motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he _ _ here since three days ago.5. they turned on the light 2 hours ago. - the light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. the

15、y opened the door an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.9. they closed the door an hour ago. - the door _ _ _ for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he _ _ a _ for a year. - he _ _ _ the army for a year. - it _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞和動詞和瞬間性瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化1. he died 10 y

16、ears ago. - he has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. he borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - he has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. he bought the motorbike a month ago. -he has had the motorbike for a month.4. he arrived here three days ago. - he has been here since three days ago.5. they turn

17、ed on the light 2 hours ago. - the light has been on for 2 hours.6. he left here 2 years ago. - he has been away from here for 2 years.7. the film began 30 minutes ago. - the film has been on for 30 minutes.8. they opened the door an hour ago. - the door has been open for an hour.9. they closed the

18、door an hour ago. - the door has been closed for an hour.10. he joined the army last year. - he has been a soldier for a year. - he has been in the army for a year. - it is a year since he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動詞和動詞和瞬間性瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 (keys) for和和since的運用的運用since表表“自從自從 以來以來”。 1)since+時間點時間點 he

19、has stayed here since 5 oclock. 2)since+ 時間段時間段+ ago he has stayed here since 5 hours ago. 3)since+ 從句從句 she has taught english since he came here. for+ 時間段時間段 he has kept the book for 2 weeks. 例如：例如： for: (長達(dá)）長達(dá)） 1. he has stayed here for 3 hours. 2. he has stayed here since 3 hours ago.3. he has s

20、tayed here since 3 oclock. 4.he has taught english since he came here.fill in the blanks with “for” or “since”:1.we have had the new computer _ a week.2.how long have you studied english? i have studied english _ i was five.3. how long has he taught in this school? he has taught in this school _ 199

21、8.4. how long have you known each other? we have known each other _ over ten years.5. how long have you kept your pet dog? i have kept it _ two years ago. i have kept it _ two years.sincesinceforsinceforfor james has been in canada _ monday. james has been in canada _ four days. james came to canada

22、 four days _. my aunt has lived in brazil _ 15 years. my aunt moved to brazil 15 years _. she has lived in brazil _ 15 years _. mike has been in hospital _ october. mike has been in hospital _ two months mike came to the hospital two months _ he has been in hospital _ two months _填上填上since ,for或者或者a

23、go.sinceforagoforagosince agosinceforagosince ago they got married six months _. they has been married _ six months. they have been married _ 6 months _. i first met susan two years _. i have known susan _ two years. i have known susan _ two years ago. sue is in the office. shes been there _ three h

24、ours. sue came to the office three hours _. sue has been in the office _ 3 hours _.agoforsince agoagoforsinceforagosince ago have gone to have been to have been in去了某地，不在這里去了某地，不在這里曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地,已回來已回來呆在某地（多長時間）呆在某地（多長時間）she isnt here. she has gone to the reading- room.she has been to shanghai twice/

25、once/before.she has been in beijing for two years. have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。稱代詞作句子的主語。 -where is tom?湯姆在哪里？湯姆在哪里？ -he has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。 father has gone to hong kong. hell be back

26、 in a week. 爸爸到香港去了爸爸到香港去了, 一星期后一星期后 回來回來 ii. have (has) been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某曾經(jīng)去過某地地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可以與，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可以與just, ever, never等連用。等連用。 i have just been to the post office. 我剛剛?cè)ミ^郵局。我剛剛?cè)ミ^郵局。 tim has never been to the great wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。瑪麗從未去過長城。 have you ever been to hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ ha

27、ve (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。過某地幾次。 i have been to beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。我去過北京三次。 they have been to that happy valleys several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^歡樂谷好幾次了他們?nèi)ミ^歡樂谷好幾次了 have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地呆多長時間在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。mr. brown has been in shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來

28、上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。they have been in canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了他們到加拿大有五年了 we have been in shenzhen middle school junior campus for over two months.我們在深中初中部兩個多月了我們在深中初中部兩個多月了.用用have/has gone to, have/has been to或或have/has been in 填空。填空。1.bill is on holiday at the moment. he _ spain.has gon

29、e to2. “wheres lily?” “shes not here.i think she _ to the bank.”has gone to3. hello, sue. where _ you _? _ you _ _ the bank?have beenhave been to 4. tim is in hopital. he _ hospital for five days. has been in5. “how long _ she _ _ england?” “she _ _ _ england since monday.” for three days. has been

30、inhas been to6. my father _ _ _ shanghai twice.has been in7. i can find susan. where _ she _?8. oh, hello susan! i was looking for you. where _ you _?has gone have been already和和yet 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句中或句末；常用于肯定句中或句末；yet常常用于用于一般疑問句一般疑問句或或否定句否定句末。但表驚末。但表驚訝時訝時already也可用于疑問句。例如：也可用于疑問句。例如： 1.tom has al

31、ready finished his home-work. 2. tom hasnt finished his homework yet.3.what! have you already finished it? shall we eat lunch? i am _ hungry. have you met our foreign teacher _? no, not _. has the bell rung _? yes, it has _ rung. the computer has not been repaired _. we have _ changed the plan becau

32、se linda hasnt made up her mind _.have you ordered the takeaway food _? yes. we have _ ordered it.alreadyyetyetyetalreadyalreadyyetyetalreadyyetfill in already or yet when needed correct the mistakes in the following sentences.1、tom has got up for half an hour.2 、liu mei has joined the league for th

33、ree years.3、the train has reached the station since 10 minutes ago.4、the little girl has fallen asleep for four hours.5、when have you cleaned the classroom? its clean now.6、how long have you caught a cold?7、she has got ten letters from her mother since last week.火眼金睛火眼金睛multiple choice.( ) 1. has yo

34、ur brother found his lost car _? - no, he hasnt. a. still b. already c. just d. yet( ) 2. the visitors _ here for a week. a. have left b. have come c. have arrived d. have been( ) 3. where _ you _ all these years, jim? a. have, been b. did , be c. were, been d. did, stay( ) 4. ive _ this dictionary

35、_ a year. a. bought, for b. had, for c. bought, since d. had, sinceddab( ) 5. you _ here before, _ you? a. never are, are b. never came, do c. have never been, have d. were never, were( ) 6. the doctor _ to beijing twice. a. has gone b. has been c. went d. goes( ) 7. my mother has _ made a big mooncake herself. a. already b. yet c. just d. always( ) 8. -mr green is no lon