1、 2014年中考英語首字母填空解題技巧及練習題首字母填空 給首字母填空類短文題是近幾年來各地中考試題經常采用的題型之一，因為它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉開考生間的分差、提高區分度。這種題 型屬于能力測試的范疇，它考查的范圍極廣，可以是英語知識的方方面面，還可能涉及其它學科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎上將單詞拼寫出來，并且單詞形 式合理，符合語法規范，符合短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示。 可是這種題型因難度相對較大，考生失分現象比較嚴重。學生要仔細閱讀全文，利用上下文提供的有關信息，再仔細閱讀相關句子，判斷所缺單詞的 句子成分，

2、才能完成練習。最能測量考生實際運用語言的能力。要做好此類題目，考生不但要有較強的語感，善于體會上下文的 內在聯系，而且要有扎實的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量。中考英語首字母填空技巧1.通讀短文（對大意有個了解，而不是盲目的去做。學會跳讀，對于不理解的地方可以暫時略過不去管它。）2.認真分析，填寫單詞（在了解大意的情況下，我們開始一邊讀一邊做題。在閱讀過程中，要注意上、下文的關系，對于生詞可以根據上下文的意思進行猜測。）（留心找出關鍵詞、短語或句子，還要結合所給首字母的提示，進行填寫，并注意單詞的正確形式。）（1） 依據習慣用法與固定搭配進行填詞：如W his help, the old man

3、was safe. The boy thanked him very much. （2） 依據語法知識進行填詞：如It was a l earlier. （3） 依據常識的積累進行填詞：如But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” （4）依據邏輯推理與句意理解進行填詞：如One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted t

4、o p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 4. 細心檢查（檢查填寫的單詞形式和意思是否合理，即是否與文章要求相符，有無句型結構及語法錯誤比如主語為第三人稱單數時動詞加s，動詞的時態。）Note：做好首字母填空要注意以下幾點1. 單詞量。很多學生做不好首字母填空很重要的一點原因是學過的單詞沒掌握。 每當看到一個首字母，腦子中應該迅速閃過好幾個詞，然后根據句意選擇最合適的一個。或者反過來，用意義對單詞，先看句子是什么意思，然后根據意思填出合適的單詞。2.平時注意積累詞組、習慣用法和固定搭配。（如果老師沒

5、帶這你們整理的話， 我建議一人備個本子，自己整理，除了課本上的，平時你們考的卷子上易錯的都整理到本子上， 平時常拿出來翻翻鞏固一下，下次在遇到類似的就會很快想到）3. 一定注意上下句的聯系。很多情況下。你要填的單詞在上文或者下文出現過了，所以說試卷中不是沒有答案，而是你要有一雙發現答案的眼睛。還有一個情況是在一句話中，可能會出現反義詞，也就是說你要填的單詞是上文或下文中一個詞的反義詞。4. 利用詞性幫助判斷。根據上下文及該句判斷詞性， 再結合首字母確定該詞的意思。（要有一定的句法知識）5. 注意檢查。這里有個方法可以一試， 默讀， 利用語感和自己的語法知識填空。如果讀著不順，就有可能有錯誤。6

6、.掌握文章的邏輯順序，有利于把握文章全局。文章的邏輯關系不外乎列舉、原因、結果、讓步、對照、補充、目的、條件等關系。 Step1：掌握句子成分與十種詞性之間的對應關系。通過對單一成分的分類練習， 掌握該句子成分與何種詞性相對應。詞性正確是答案正確的前提。 (1) 對主語的判斷 1. T_ are helpful to students. 2. H_ is more important to me than money. 3. Some famous s_ are going to give lectures in our university in August. 4.F _ is my fa

7、vorite sport. 5. C_ stamps is my hobby. 分析：以上練習中，所填的詞均為句子的主語。主語是動作的發出者，詞性主要為名詞與代詞（1-）；動詞不能直接用作主語，必須轉化成其對應的名詞或動名詞（-）。此外，形容詞前加the以及帶連詞的句子也可作主語。 例如： The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有錢人”，因此可以作主語。 What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一個帶有連詞what的句子，因此也可以作主語。 (2) 對謂語的判斷 John was st

8、anding on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answer

9、ed John, “but this i_ my house.” 分析：語篇中的所缺詞均為謂語動詞。謂語是句子所表示的動作，詞性只能是動詞，而且在句子中不能缺。當一個主謂結構中同時出現兩個或兩個以 上動詞時，還要判斷他們之間的相互關系，對謂語動詞或非謂語動詞的判斷只有在熟練掌握相關知識的基礎上，才能作出正確的判斷。平時練習和周練中，我經常讓 學生做些“用動詞的適當形式填空”練習，有助于對動詞形式的判斷。 (3) 對賓語的判斷 1.Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d_ in Shanghai after his long absence from t

10、he city. 2.The front is in great need of medical w_.3.Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4.At last he sold his _. ( invent ) 分析：賓語是動作的承受者，分動詞賓語與介詞賓語兩種。賓語的詞性同和主語的詞性一樣，單是如果代詞作賓語時就必須用其賓格。 (4) 對表語的判斷 1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3.Pat

11、rick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4.Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） 分析：表語是連系動詞后接的成分。詞性主要為形容詞，名詞, 介詞短語。如果是動詞 的適當形式作表語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (5) 對定語的判斷 1

12、. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2.On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3.In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4.The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5.Most peop

13、le dont like _ food. ( freeze ) 6.Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical ) 分析:定語是修飾名詞與代詞的成分。詞性以形容詞，序數詞，介詞短語為主。名詞修 飾名詞說明后面名稱的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是動詞 的適當形式作定語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (6) 對狀語的判斷 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so

14、_ (easy) 2.Watch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) 分析：狀語是說明動作發生的時間，地點，原因，方式，目的，結果，條件和伴隨情況 的成分。詞性以副詞為主，也可以是介詞短語。如果是動詞的適當形式作狀語，動詞必須改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 Step2：對詞性、詞義、詞形

15、的精確判斷階段，即綜合運用階段 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week,

16、 t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. Step3：熟能生巧階段。 要做到舉重若輕，必須作長期系統的訓練，把上述知識演化為解題技能。 例如： 【上海】D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格內填入適當的次,使其內容通順. 每空格限填一詞, 首字母已給 ): ( 14分) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and

17、film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most y

18、oung people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your fi

19、lm. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive s

20、tory c 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. 實戰練習 （一） Do you have a pet? Are you i_ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may w

21、ant to study to be animal doctors. Theyre often c_ “vets”. Many of them work in animal h_. Others may work on farms or at a z_. Some study animal diseases and try to find w_ to keep the animals from getting i_. They do studies in m_ for animals. Vets listen to an animals h_. They check (檢查) its ears

22、, eyes, mouth and blood. They o_ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots (注射) and tell the pets o _ what food is best. （二） Dear Tom: Are you surprised to hear from me? I have not heard from you s_ the beginning of the summer h_. How are you getting on with your s_? How are your

23、 parents? Is your brother Bill b_ f_ Canada yet? My stamp collection is g_ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d_ countries. In my stamp books. I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen-friend from Britain. She gave me some B_ stamps. My American

24、 teacher has given me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. Im glad to know you are going to give me some foreign stamps, but I still have not r_ the stamps of Nepal which you said to p_ me. Have you sent them off yet? Please write to me. Have you sent them off yet? Yours Zhou Wen （三） When Ma

25、rtin was a small boy, he lived in the little town of Holtham. Then he thought the town was a big p_. Well, Martin went back to Holtham last week. “Its a small town!” he thought. Holtham has changed little during the p_ forty years. B_ Martin has changed a lot. He has g_ into a man. He is now in m_ l

26、ife. His thoughts are a mans thoughts, and he sees things through a m_ eyes. Martin s_ in Holtham for five years. He walked from street t_ street. He could see no friends. Was Holtham, then, a town of strangers? No, Martin suddenly u_ it all. Only he h_ was a stranger in the town. （四） I got an answe

27、ring machine for my birthday and I soon realized（意識到）what a u_ machine this is. I am not at home m_ of the day, so someone can leave a message and I can ring them b_. They have no way to say they c_ get in touch with (聯系) me. when I am at home and have work to do, the phone never s_. Now I put the m

28、achine on. I am not troubled. So I can do a lot m_ work. There are some people I j_ do not want to talk to. So I put the machine on and I dont have to s_ to them. In conclusion(總之)，I really dont know how I lived w_ this wonderful machine. (五) Near the North Pole (北極) there are two s_, winter and sum

29、mer. The winter nights are long. For more t_ two months, you cant s_ the sun, e_ at noon. The summer days are also long. For more than two months, the sun n_ goes down and there are no n_. The people there have warm clothes. They make most of these clothes by t_. They make them from the skins (皮) of

30、 a_. From skins they make coats and hats and even shoes. In this cold weather, trees cant g_. The people there have to build their houses from skins, earth or snow. Life is h_ for the people there. (六) How do you like to go to school like one in Oxford(牛津大學), England ? There are no r_ classes. The s

31、tudents go from one group to a _ when they want to. You may find students of fourteen, sixteen or twenty-five years old all in the s_ group. They work at their o_ studies. Nobody tells them what they should or shouldnt be doing. The day I visited, school b_ at nine. Some students were working at a t

32、ape recorder and listening to their lessons. Others were watching TV on maths. A group was reading in the school l_. I didnt see anybody just sit doing n_. Everybody was studying. At lunch time I could see students w_, too. They were talking about their lessons while they were e_. When you think of

33、these students you can be sure it is one of the best s _ in the world. (七) One day when Nasreddin was having a bath, he began to s_. The bathroom was small with a stone floor. His song was very b_, he thought. “Oh”,he said, “I sing very well. I will sing to o_ people, too, and maybe Ill be a famous

34、s_, and most people will want to hear me.” So after his bath Nasreddin went up onto the roof (屋頂) of the house and began to sing his song very l_. A man was w_ in front of the house and he h_ Nasreddin, he said, “What are you doing? You are m_ a terrible noise. Nobody wants to hear it.” “Oh, you thi

35、nk so, dont you?” answered Nasreddin, “Well, I r_ sing very beautifully. Come to my bathroom and youll hear h_ beautiful I can sing.”（八） One day Mike was playing near a river. S_ his knife fell into the river. He felt very sad because the knife was g_ to him by his father as a birthday present, but

36、it was lost. Then all at once, a k_ old woman came up and asked Mike what was the m_. “I had lost my knife,” he said, “ it fell into the water when I was playing here.” The old woman s_ him a gold (金) knife and asked, “is this y_?” “No.” said the boy. The old woman then showed him a silver (銀) knife

37、 and asked a_, “Is this yours?” “No”, again answered the boy. Then she showed him an iron (鐵) knife. “Yes, thats mine,” c_ out the happy boy. “I know it well e_.” said the old woman. “Now I will give you the gold knife and the silver knife b_ you are an honest (誠實的) boy.”（九） Tom liked to play at sch

38、ool. He had not been doing w_ in the exam. So the a_ teacher decided to ask his father to come to school to have a t_ with him. When his father came, the teacher said to him, “ Your son didnt work hard, and e_ worse, he cheated (作弊) in the exam.” “ How do you l_ it?” Toms father said. “Since Tom has

39、 the s_ answer as the girls. The girl sits next to him.” The teacher said. Then the father said, “ Then m_ the girl copied my sons answer.” “Oh no! There are ten questions on the paper. Your sons answer t_ the first nine questions are just the same as the g_. To the last question the girl answered,

40、I dont know. And your son write N_ do I ”.（十） A shop owner c_ his shop and went home. He was very t_ ,but j_ as he went to bed, the telephone rang . A man asked, “What time do you o_ your shop?” The shop owner was u_ about this phone call. He put down the receiver(聽筒) without a_ and went back to bed

41、. A few minutes later the telephone rang again and the man asked the s_ question. The shop owner became very angry and shouted, “ You neednt ask me when I open the shop, f_ I wont let you i_.” “Oh, no, I dont want to get in,” the man said, “I want to go o_.”（11） Do you know Sweden(瑞典)？ It l in the n

42、orth of EuropeIt is the fourth largest country in Europe with an a 2 of 450, 000 square kilometers and the population of about 8.5 million. Over one third of them live in the three largest cities, namely Stockholm, Goteborg and Malmo. More than half of Sweden is c 3 with trees. It is one of the r 4

43、countries in the world. About 100 years ago Sweden became industrialized(工業化). Today less than one third of the people are f5.Sweden is the country where the famous Nobel Prizes are awarded. Many people who have been to Stockholm, the c 6 of Sweden, must have visited the places where Nobel Prizes ar

44、e awarded.The first language of Sweden is Swedish. English is the first f 7 language in schools. Many middle-school students can s 8 two to three languages. Most of the Swedish people，men and women, o9 and young, can speak English. So there is no p 10 to speak with them in English 2014年中考英語首字母填空解題技巧

45、及練習題實戰練習答案： 1. interested , called, hospitals, zoo, ways, ill, medicine ,heart, operate , owner 2. since, holidays, studies, back, from, getting, different, British , received, post 3. place, past, But, grown, middle, mans, stayed, to, understood, himself 4. useful, most, back, cant, stops, more, ju

46、st, speak, without5. Seasons than see even never night themselves animals grow hard6. real, another, same, own, began, library, nothing, working, eating, schools 7. sing, beautiful, other, singer, loudly, walking, heard, making, really, how 8. Suddenly, given, kind, matter, showed, yours, again, cri

47、ed, enough, because 9. well. Angry, talk, even, learn, same, maybe, to, girls, Neither. 10. closed, tired, just, open, unhappy, answering, same, for, in, out11.1.lies :It 代詞，代替前面的瑞典Sweden，后面說in the north of Europe表明方位，所以可以推斷，這里應該填“位于”，還有第三人稱單數。2.area ：后面of 450, 000 square kilometers很明顯說的是土地面積3.covered ：有系動詞is，考慮被動語態，被覆蓋4.richest ：one of the 形容詞 countries，考慮最高級，后文又說1