1、 World Wide Web World Wide Web TechnologyTechnologyUnit 3Alienation and the Internet34567891011Pre-reading questions:1. Do you go on line every day? What do you often do on the Internet?2. Are you a net worm? Is it good to be one?3. What benefits and harms can Internet bring to you?12Lets have a Deb

2、ate!The advantages of the Internet outweigh its disadvantages Affirmative side: more advantages Negative side: more disadvantages13AdvantagesIt gives us easy access to a lot of information we need;It makes communications faster and more effective without the hindrance of physical distance;It makes o

3、ur life more colorful with various kinds of games; It can help us forget our miseries at least temporarily.13School of Foreign Studies14It can make us feel addicted to it and take a lot our time with which we can do something more important.The virtual world it offers can make us forget who we reall

4、y are and develop an unrealistic attitude towards life.We can be deceived by someone in the cyberspace with ill intentions.Communications on the Internet is far from being safe because of the viruses and occasional breakdown of the computer system.Disadvantages1415E-MailCommunica-tionInformationE-Co

5、nferenceBusinessInternet Online games ShoppingEntertain-mentAlienation?16Text Alienation and the Internet Background information About the author: Will Baker is an essayist in Vermont of the United States. mantra (Paragraph 4): Originally it is a word or sound in Hinduism and Buddhism repeated to ai

6、d concentration in meditation默想，冥想. Here it means a statement or slogan repeated frequently. 【印度教】曼特羅，禱文，符咒17Utopia (Paragraph 7): Originally it refers to an imaginary island described in Sir Thomas Mores Utopia (1516) as enjoying perfection in law, politics, etc. Here it is used for an ideal state.

7、18AnalysisThis text falls into the genre of argumentation/ argumentative writing, which is typically composed of three parts: i.e. the opening part or the thesis part, the argument part, and the summary part or conclusion part.Try to divide the passage19Part DivisionSchool of Foreign Studies19Main b

8、ody: the author supports his point with evidences and reasons. Conclusion: the author reiterates his point that only when we make a moderate use of the Internet can we fully realize its potential without having our sense of reality skewed.Part II: Para. 3-6Part III: Para. 7Introduction: the Internet

9、 may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users.Part I: Para. 1-220Topic sentence: However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences.Concluding statement: All this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potenti

10、al of the Internet is in achieving balance in our lives.21Summary: word fillingThe Internet makes free e_ of ideas possible. I am excited at the huge ad_ the Internet could bring to us. Meanwhile, Im concerned with the dis_ attached to it. How can something u_ people and s_ people at the same time?I

11、 have a friend who told me his symptoms of being Internet-a_. He says he could remain on-line for more than 24 hours non-stop, but he often feels l_ and d_.22In my view, the f_ of society began after WWII, when the use of automobiles became commonplace. Later, with the development of the I_, people

12、are more closely unified with others in the world but further separated from their e_ families. The problem lies in that people are just cognitively o_. They cannot tell the virtual e_ created by the Internet from the r_ world.The key to solving this problem is to achieve b_ in our lives, so that we

13、 could realize all its p_ without losing our sense of place in the world. 23Language workfurther: help forward Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days. The interests of an organization will never be furthered through acts of terrorism.alienate: cause (someone)

14、to feel very distant from or not welcome to someone else She was alienated from her brother by her foolish behavior. All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.24addicted: being dependent on something and wanting to spend as much time doing it as possible. Some youngst

15、ers are hopelessly addicted to video games. Shes become addicted to love stories.skew: cause to be not straight or exact; twist The companys results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills. Todays election will skew the results in favor of the northern end of cou

16、ntry.25lament: express sadness and regret about something He lamented the death of his friend. She lamented that she had never been to Paris.at the expense of: at the sacrifice of According to this study, women have made notable gains at the expense of men. The orchestra has more discipline now, but

17、 at the expense of spirit.26confront: meet face to face; set face to face He challenged his accusers to confront him openly. The lawyer confronted the accused man with the forged check.value: regard highly; esteem We value your cooperation and would like to expand business with you. I value your com

18、ments on the report.27 Part I paragraph 1-2 1. What is the authors long cherished position about the strong points of the Internet? 2. How did the author start his argumentation?28 1. Given the relatively few restrictions governing access and usage, it is the communications modal equivalent of inter

19、national waters: P1. metaphor Internets access and usage are so comparably free that the internet is just like international waters for people to swim through as much as they like.29 Given: 1) If one takesinto account; considering E.g. Given their inexperience, theyve done a good job. E.g.考慮到發動機的狀況，

20、它能啟動就已經是奇跡了。 Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts. 2) Granted as a supposition; acknowledged or assumed: 假設的：假定的；承認的或假設的： E.g. Id come and see you in New York, given the chance. “如果有機會, 我就到紐約來看你.” E.g. 假如天氣好，我們的船將于星期一晚上到達上海。 Given good weather, our ship will reach Sh

21、anghai Monday evening.30 Equivalent adj. equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance; be equivalent to E.g. 這種職位的甘苦相當。 The misery of such a position is equivalent to its happiness. n. something equal in value, measure, force, effect or significance E.g. Some Chinese words have no English

22、equivalents. E.g. What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in dollars?P131 Unintended: not deliberate or intentional; unplanned E.g. an unintended slight 非故意的怠慢 反義詞：intended Difficult Sentences and Structures However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. However I am als

23、o worried about the possible unexpected negative effects. P132 2. But much less widely reported has been the notion that the internet may be responsible for furthering the fragmentation of society by alienating its individual users: 完全倒裝(Complete Inversion) that 從句是主語notion的同位語。作者在這里到裝的目的是為平衡結構。英語修辭

24、的一個重要原則是尾重原則尾重原則，即把句子最復雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語言使用中為了避免產生頭重腳輕、結構不平衡的句子，我們常采用倒裝語序。33 Fragment (fragmentation): to (cause to) break into parts or small pieces Vi. After the election, the coalition (union) fragmented. Vt. The government is planning to fragment the industry before privatizing it. E.g. 衛星在穿越地球

25、大氣層的時候會分裂并燒毀。 E.g.The satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Earths atmosphere.P234 Alienate (alienating): cause (someone) to feel very distant from or not welcome to someone else E.g. 她的愚蠢行為使她的朋友同她疏遠了。 She was alienated from her friend by her foolish behavior. Her foolish behav

26、ior alienated her from her friend. E.g. 這份報紙的變化疏遠了它傳統的讀者。 All these changes to the newspaper have alienated its traditional readers.P235Part II paragraph 3-61. When and how did the fragmentation of society begin?2. Whats the “cruel irony” concerning the use of the internet mentioned in para 4?3. In

27、para 5, why does the author narrate his own story?4. why does the author discuss the question whether the internet is a real place?36 Addict: vt. depend on something and want to spend as much time doing it as possible E.g. 麻醉品會使人上癮。 Drugs are addicting. be addicted to E.g. Shes become addicted to lo

28、ve stories. E.g. 有些年輕人不可救藥地迷上了電子游戲。 Some youngsters are hopelessly addicted to video games. n. one who is addicted; a devoted believer or follower E.g. film addict E.g. 我們都是變化的追隨者。 We are all addicts of change.P337 In that: because in that 引導的狀語從句通常置于主句之后，而不放在句首 E.g. Swimming is healthful, in that a

29、lmost every muscle in the body is being exercised. because 引導的狀語從句則可置于主句之前或置于主句之后 E.g. Because he is so shy, he seldom goes out with girls.=He seldom goes out with girls because he is so shy.P338 Binge: 1) A period of unrestrained, immoderate self-indulgence; 狂歡;一段不加限制的, 過分自我放縱的時間 E.g. 他們昨夜出去狂歡作樂。 T

30、hey went on a binge last night. 2) A period of excessive or uncontrolled indulgence in food or drink; 無節制期：一段過度或放縱暴飲暴食的時間 E.g. an eating binge E.g. 因為失戀，她最近瘋狂購物。 Because of being lovelorn, she is engaged in a shopping binge recently. P339 Skew: cause to be not straight or exact; twist; distort E.g.

31、The companys results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills. E.g. 今天的選舉將使結果向有利于民主黨的方向傾斜。 Todays election will skew the results in favor of the Democrats.P340 In earnest: adv. in a determined manner; seriously; 認真地 E.g. Please settle down to study in earnest for

32、the examination. 請堅定決心認真坐下來復習準備考試。adj. determined; serious; 堅定不移的；嚴肅的 E.g. 他真的說了他要離開北京。 He was in earnest when he said he was leaving Beijing. E.g. 我完全是認真地，不開玩笑。 I am perfectly in earnest, I am not joking. E.g. 我相信當他說要娶她的時候是嚴肅誠懇的。 Im sure he was in earnest when he said he wanted to marry her.P441 It

33、 struck us that: it occurred to us that/we suddenly realized that E.g. It struck me that you might like some coffee, so Ive brought some up. E.g. 第二早上我突然想起這套公寓沒有淋浴設備。 The next morning it struck me that there was no shower in the flat. Strike: enter ones mind, occur to; E.g. A terrible thought struck

34、 mehad I locked the door? E.g. 我立刻想到了這個解決方法。 The solution suddenly struck me. P542 Difficult Sentences and Structures Depending upon how a “real place” is defined it might very well be. According to the definition of a “real place”, the Internet could most reasonably be considered to be a “real plac

35、e”.P643 Converse: n. the opposite E.g. It is possible, of course, that the converse of this theory may also be true. E.g. 在美國，汽車要沿路的右邊行駛，而在英國正好相反。 In the US, cars are driven on the right side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. adj. opposite E.g. a converse wind / in a converse directi

36、onP644 They won the war, and by God they were going to win the peace. They had defeated their enemies, and in Gods name, they were determined to conquer in the peacetime.45 3. But at the expense of the time that would have otherwise been available for involvement in other activities which might fost

37、er a sense of community in their villages, towns and cities. P4 句子的主干是連詞but+介詞短語at the expense of the time. 實際上But at the expense of the time是文章中上一個句子的最后部分，作者在這里之所以將它單獨列成一個句子，其目的也是就要強強調調but后面的內容。 complex multiple attributive clause 46 At the expense of: at the sacrifice of E.g. The orchestra has mor

38、e discipline now, but at the expense of spirit. E.g. 他完成了那工作，但損害了健康。 He finished the job at the expense of his health. E.g. 根據這項研究，通過犧牲男人，女人們獲得了巨大利益。 According to this study, women have made notable gains at the expense of men. P447 .Extended family：“大家庭”，在過去，父母和他們的孩子以及孩子的孩一子都住在一起. 那種四世同堂的大家庭，不過隨著時代

39、的發展，這種大家庭已經很少。 另一種家庭類型就是nuclear family,“核心家庭”，也就是說，父母和他們的孩子住在一起，這是現在一種比較普遍的家庭類型。 還有一種類型叫做single parent family， “單親家庭” 。就是家里面只有母親或只有父親。這種家庭類型主要是父母離婚的產物。 blended family，混合型家庭，就是指再婚后的家庭，男女雙方的孩子都住在一起。 DINK，“丁克” 家庭。“丁克”的英文意思是:雙份收人，沒有孩子(double income no kids)。是近年來新興的一種家庭模式，這種家庭中只有夫妻二人，不生孩子，既有家庭的溫馨，又保持了“單身

40、貴族”的瀟灑。48 as they surf the web some folks might be confronted with cognitive overload. When they get onto the Internet for information, some people might be faced with the problem of dealing with too much information.49 Overloaded !50Part III paragraph 7 1. According to the author, what underlies th

41、e trend of overusing the Internet in our society? 2. Does the author believe it is within human capacity to reap the benefit of the Internet without being penalized?51 where the cyber-world is your cyber-oyster: where the cyber-space is the very thing that gives you immediate gratification. The auth

42、or indicates that people tend to overuse the Internet because it is the best way of getting immediate gratification, which is most valued by society. 其中where the cyber-space是非限定性定語從句。 52 不少人認為，在先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開的就是非限定性定語從句。其實這并不完全正確，請看: As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manage

43、r who promptly rang up the fire-brigade. 當她聽到幾聲喊叫時，跑去向經理匯報，經理馬上向消防隊打了電話. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 在火炬下，他看到了一個人影，立即認出他是我們本地的食品商，比爾威爾斯金。 There are a few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing 然而，有

44、幾個城市卻完全是從一無所有的空地上建立起來的。 53 限定性定語從句在意義上有“涉他性”， 而非限定性定語從句在意義上有“唯一性”。 例如：I have a brother who works in a chemical works.我有個哥哥在化工廠工作。(暗示我還有別的哥哥，他或他們不在化工廠工作) I have a brother, who works in a chemical works. 我有個哥哥,他在化工廠工作。(暗示再沒有別的哥哥了) 54Rhetorical FeaturesThe author of this text seems to believe that the

45、Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. This self-contradiction is partly illustrated by the use of antonyms such as globalization and alienation. Some other pairs of antonyms (including words and expressions) are used for the same purpose. 55 . Class Check The detective and his assistant ha

46、ve begun to _ the mysterious murder. A) come through B) look into C) make over D) see to 2. In _ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favourable climate. A) prime B) primitive C) primary D) preliminary 3. Critics believe that the control by mass advertising has _ the qua

47、lity of the programs. A) affected B) effected C) lessened D) declined56 4. I went along thinking of nothing _ ，only looking at things around me. A) in brief B) in doubt C) in harmony D) in particular 5. There was an _ look on her face when she saw the train her husband took arrived. A) intent B) int

48、elligible C) intrinsic D) instrumental 6. The numbers 8 ,9 ,14 are _ . A) conscientious B) consensus C) conspicuous D) consecutive57Textcomprehension IV. 1.SincetheInternetcanbereachedandusedwith relativelyfewrestrictions,theInternet,asamodeof communications,issimilartointernationalwaterswhich areop

49、entoallcountriestouse/itplaysarolein connectingpeopleglobally,whichiscomparableto travelingthroughtheinternationalwaterways. 2.Alotofpeopletalkaboutthenewinformationage, butnotsomanypeopleareacquaintedwiththe ideathattheInternetseparatespeoplefromeachother andfragmentssocietyfurtherasaresult. 3.Ithi

50、nkthatinoursocietythetoppriorityisgiventothesatisfactionofonesimmediateneeds.TheInternetisthe besttoolforthispurpose,forontheInternetonecando whateverhelikesto.58 Vocabulary I.1.abilitytodevelop,achieveorsuccess 2.causingtofeelverydistantfromornot welcometootherpeople 3.likeditverymuchandwantedtospe

51、ndasmuch timedoingitaspossible 4.moreinformationthatonecancopewith 5.asetofimagesandsoundsproducedbya computerwhichseemssorealthatformostpurposes itcanberegardedasreal II.1.forthebetter2.attheexpenseof 3.wasconfrontedwith4.tookadvantageof 5.inearnest6.areavailablefor7.priorto 8.wouldgivepausetothink

52、 59 III.1.alienating2.globalization 3.fragmenting4.addict5.exaggerates 6.Depression7.simulated8.gratified IV.ABBCBADD V.1.intended,purposeful,intentional,planned 2.extraordinary,unusual 3.alienate,isolate,estrange 4.cultivate,nurture5.considerable,excessive,indulgent6.improvement,enhancement 7.misre

53、present,falsify 8.unimportant,trivial,minor VI.1.expanses2.thinkingitisnecessary monplace4.athome5.tellyou 6.largenumber60 Translation I. 1.由于登錄和使用互聯網的限制相對較少，它的作用就等同于通訊傳播中的國際海域。 2.咋聽起來這似乎相互矛盾，一種東西怎么會既能讓人們自由地交流思想、從而使全球融為一體，同時又讓人們彼此疏遠呢? 3.據我所知，此人不喜歡夸大其詞，因此當他描述自己的網癮、說常常連續泡網一天一夜時，這引起了我的思考。 4.但代價是消耗了原本可以

54、用來參加一些培養他們村莊及城鎮社區意識的活動的時間。61 II. 1. Theres no denying that smoking is addictive. And once you are addicted , its very difficult to get rid of the habit. 2.In a Japanese-made video game, players can simulate the experience of AIDS from HIV infection until death. 3.Im sure he was in earnest when he sa

55、id that you could use this money to continue your study of music. 4.We can only increase production at the expense of quality, which could ruin the companys reputation. 5.Sheisnotoftengiventoanger,butthistimeshereallylosthertemper. 6.A teacher of foreign language should possess at the very least a g

56、raduate degree from a certified education school or institute if he is to teach high school. 7.I soon perceived that I couldnt make him change his mind.62 III.互聯網已經把我們帶入了一個真正的信息時代，而且正在幫助世界各地的人們在一個以前不可想象的范圍內相互交流。無論互聯網和信息高速公路走的是一條什么樣的發展道路電訊、電視盒計算機行業一致采用數碼化的做法永遠改變了我們的交際和計算方式。這種一致將使公司能提供以前因技術有限而不能提供的服務。網絡電視將使觀眾能接觸互聯網。大屏幕、高保真數字電視和DVD有可能改變電影的拍攝方法。衛星將幫助汽車自行回家。家家戶戶將接收到衛星、微波發射塔、纖維線或銅線傳送的信號。63Writing practice People can now shop, bank, work and communicate without leaving home; the danger is that people could become isolated from