StandardsforPiezoelectricCeramicMaterialsThisdocumentdetailssomeofthestandardsrelatedactivitiesforpiezoelectricmaterials,mainlybulkceramictypes.Standardsrelatedpurelytoquartzhavebeenomitted,inordertolimitthesizeofthetask.Theproductionofstandards,particularlyinternationalones,isalongandunrewardingbusiness,andthattheyeverbecomestandardsisatributetothepersistenceofasmallnumberofindividuals.Consequentlytheexistenceornotofastandardinaparticularareaisnotsolelybecauseoftheneedforsuchastandard,butisduetotheconcertedeffortoftheseindividuals.Alsobecauseoftheneedtokeepdocumentscurrent,ifyearsafterpublicationofastandardthereisnobodypreparedtomaintainthisdocumentthenthereisadangeritwillbewithdrawnorcancelled.Thissituationisreflectedinthepiezoelectricmaterialsstandardsarea,wheretherearestronggroupsinEurope(CENELEC)andAmerica(IEEE-UFFC),butsomeofthemostquotedstandardshaverecentlybeenwithdrawn(IEEE176-1987,IEEE180-1986,MIL-STD1376B(SH).StandardsorganisationswithPiezoelectricrelatedstandardsCENELECCENELECistheEuropeanCommitteeforElectrotechnicalStandardizationandIthasbeenofficiallyrecognisedastheEuropeanStandardsOrganisationinitsfieldbytheEuropeanCommissioninDirective83/189/EEC.AcomprehensiveseriesofpiezoelectricstandardsarebeingdevelopedforCENELECunderBTTF63-2.TherearetwoworkinggroupsinthiscommitteeanditisWG-2thatisproducingstandardsrelatedtopiezoelectricmaterials,underthestewardshipofWandaWolny.Atthetimeofwritingthefirstthreeareclosetobeingapprovedbythevariousnationalcommittees.AswithmoststandardswithinCENELECthereareEnglish,FrenchandGermanversionsofthesestandards.prEN50324-1:2001Piezoelectricpropertiesofceramicmaterialsandcomponents-Part1:DefinitionsandClassificationsThisstandardrelatestopiezoelectrictransducerceramicsforapplicationbothastransmittersandreceiversinelectroacousticsandultrasonicsoverawidefrequencyrange.Theyareusedforgenerationandtransmissionofacousticsignals,forachievementofultrasoniceffects,fortransmissionofsignalsincommunicationelectronics,forsensorsandactuators,andusedforgenerationofhighvoltagesinignitiondevices.Piezoelectricceramicscanbemanufacturedinawidevarietyofshapesandsizes.Commonlyusedshapesincludediscs,rectangularplates,bars,tubes,cylindersand大連交通大學信息工程學院2010屆本科生畢業設計（論文）外文翻譯1hemispheresaswellasbendingelements(circularandrectangular),sandwichesandmonolithicmultilayers.prEN50324-2:2001Piezoelectricpropertiesofceramicmaterialsandcomponents-Part2:Methodsofmeasurementandproperties-LowpowerThemethodsofmeasurementdescribedinthisspecificationareforusewithpiezoelectriccomponentsproducedfromtheceramicmaterialsdescribedinprEN50324-1Definitionsandclassification.Methodsofmeasurementforspecificdielectric,piezoelectricandelasticcoefficientsaregenerallyapplicabletopiezoelectricceramics.Thepolycrystallinenatureofceramics,statisticalfluctuationsincompositionandtheinfluenceofthemanufacturingprocess,resultinspecifiedmaterialcoefficientsbeingtypicalmeanvalues.Thesevaluesareprovidedfordesigninformationonly.Piezoelectrictransducerscanhavewidelydifferingshapesandmaybeemployedinarangeofvibrationalmodes.Materialparametershowever,aremeasuredonsimpletest-pieces,(discs,rods)usingspecificgeometricanmdelectricalboundaryconditions.Consequently,theresultsofthetestsprovidebasicmaterialparametersonlyandmustbeusedasaguidetotheactualpropertiesofmanufacturedcommercialcomponents.prEN50324-3:2001Piezoelectricpropertiesofceramicmaterialsandcomponents-Part3:Methodsofmeasurement-HighpowerThisstandardrelatespiezoelectrictransducerceramicsforpowerapplicationoverawidefrequencyrangebothaaselectromechanicalormechanoelectricalconverters.Thisstandardcoversthelargesignalcharacterizationofpiezoelectricceramicsmaterialonly,andnotthecharacterizationofacompleteassembledtransducer.Theselectionofamaterialforagivenpowerapplicationisdifficultandtheadvicegiveninsection2ismainlyindicative.prEN50ZZZ-1(BTTF63-2(CONV)12)Propertiesofmultilayeractuators-Part1:TermsanddefinitionsThisEuropeanStandardrelatestothedefinitionsforMultilayeractuators.Theirapplicationshavebeenwidelyincreasedinvariousfieldofindustry:mechanicalengineering:toolspositioning,clamps,activewedges,damping,activecontrol,generationsonicorultrasonicvibrations,.microelectronics:positioningofmasks,wafersormagneticheads,nonmagneticactuation,circuitbreakers,fluids:proportionalvalves,pumps,inkjet,dropletgenerators,injectors,optics:mirrorsorlensespositioning,focusing,lasercavitytuning,alignmentordeformationoffiber,scanners,choppers,interferometers,modulators.大連交通大學信息工程學院2010屆本科生畢業設計（論文）外文翻譯2Multilayeractuatorscanbemanufacturedinawidevarietyofsizes.Themostcommonshapeistherectangularbar.Ringmultilayeractuatorsexistalso.Themeasurementsunderprestressapplytothestackactuators.Thisstandardrelatestod33actuators,whichelongateinthedirectionofpolingandislimitedtothestaticandquasistaticapplications.prEN50ZZZ-2(BTTF63-2(CONV)12)Propertiesofmultilayeractuators-Part2:MethodsofmeasurementThisstandarddescribesthemeasurementtechniques,whichcanbeappliedtomeasurethepropertiesofMultilayerActuators,asdefinedinprEN50ZZZ-1.Multilayeractuatorscanbemanufacturedinawidevarietyofsizes.Themostcommonshapeistherectangularbar.Ringmultilayeractuatorsexistalso.Themeasurementsunderprestressapplytothestackactuators.Thisstandardrelatestod33actuators,whichelongateinthedirectionofpolingandislimitedtothestaticandquasistaticapplications.prEN50PPP(BTTF63-2(CONV)12)PropertiesofpiezoelectricthickfilmsIECTheIEC,theInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionistheinternationalstandardsandconformityassessmentbodyforallfieldsofelectrotechnology.Thestandardsaremaintainedbyaseriesoftechnicalcommitteesthatcoveranarrowsubjectarea.MostofthestandardsdevelopedintheIECaremaintainedandproducedbyTC49,Piezoelectricanddielectricdevicesforfrequencycontrolandselection.Atpresenttheonlyactiveworkitemrelatedtopiezoelectricceramicsseemstobeaglossary,IEC61994-4-2.TC-49PiezoelectricanddielectricdevicesforfrequencycontrolandselectionIEC60483(1976-01)GuidetodynamicmeasurementsofpiezoelectricceramicswithhighelectromechanicalcouplingIEC60302(1969-01)Standarddefinitionsandmethodsofmeasurementforpiezoelectricvibratorsoperatingoverthefrequencyrangeupto30MHzIEC60642(1979-01)Piezoelectricceramicresonatorsandresonatorunitsforfrequencycontrolandselection-ChapterI:Standardvaluesandconditions-ChapterII:MeasuringandtestconditionsIEC60642-2(1994-02)Piezoelectricceramicresonatorunits-Part2:GuidetotheuseofpiezoelectricceramicresonatorunitsIEC60642-3(1992-03)Piezoelectricceramicresonators-Part3:StandardoutlinesIEC61253-1(1993-12)Piezoelectricceramicresonators-AspecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part1:Genericspecification-Qualificationapproval大連交通大學信息工程學院2010屆本科生畢業設計（論文）外文翻譯3IEC61253-2(1993-12)Piezoelectricceramicresonators-ASpecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part2:Sectionalspecification-QualificationapprovalIEC61253-2-1(1993-12)Piezoelectricceramicresonators-AspecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part2:Sectionalspecification-Qualificationapproval-Section1:Blankdetailspecification-AssessmentlevelEIEC61261-1(1994-03)Piezoelectricceramicfiltersforuseinelectronicequipment-AspecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part1:Genericspecification-QualificationapprovalIEC61261-2(1994-03)Piezoelectricceramicfiltersforuseinelectronicequipment-AspecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part2:Sectionalspecification-QualificationapprovalIEC61261-2-1(1994-03)Piezoelectricceramicfiltersforuseinelectronicequipment-AspecificationintheIECqualityassessmentsystemforelectroniccomponents(IECQ)-Part2:Sectionalspecification-Qualificationapproval-Section1:Blankdetailspecification-AssessmentlevelEIEC61994-4-2TSEd.1.0B1CDPiezoelectricanddielectricdevicesforfrequencycontrolandselection-Glossary-Part4-2:Piezoelectricmaterials-PiezoelectricceramicsTC-87UltrasonicsIEC61088(