初中英語語法總結（九）連詞連詞是一種虛詞， 它不能獨立擔任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。 并列連詞并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。第一類表示并列關系的連詞1)and 和判斷改錯：(錯) They sat down and talk about something. (錯) They started to dance and sang.(錯) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(對) They sat down and talked about something.(對) They started to dance and sing.(對)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析： 第一句： and 連接兩個并列的謂語，所以 talk 應改為 talked。 第二句：and 連接兩個并列的動詞不定式，第二個不定式往往省略to，因此sang 應改為 sing。 第三句：and 連接感觀動詞saw 后面的用作的賓補的兩個并列分詞結構，因此whisper應改為whispering。注意：1. and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and youll get the chance. = If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed. = If you make one more effort, youll succeed 2, A and B 當表示整體或者指同一人時謂語動詞用單數, 當and連接的單數名詞前分別有each，every，many等詞修飾時，謂語也用單數。 bread and butter a knife and fork The mother and teacher is very strict with her son. No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class. 3. and連接的是兩個相同意思的詞，表示“漸漸”，或加強語氣 Read it again and again2)both and兩者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3) neithernor 意思為既不也不謂語動詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.4)not onlybut (also)不但而且She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意： not only but also 關聯兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not 而必須倒裝。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 5) as well as 以及，也，與同樣 The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity. 比較and和or 1) 并列結構中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點： There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列結構用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結構，因此要用and。典型例題 -I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much.A. and； and B. and； butC. or； butD. or；and答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉折。判斷改錯： (錯) We will die without air and water. (錯) We cant live without air or water. (對) We will die without air or water. (對) We cant live without air and water. 第二類表示選擇關系的連詞1) or意思為或則。Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ? 2) eitheror意思為或者或者 。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。 Either you or I am right. 3) or else/ otherwise 否則 Be silent, or else you will be kicked out. I am tired, otherwise, I would play. 第三類表示轉折或對比關系的連詞 1） but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.while 然而，表示對比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them.yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.however 然而，可是，不過 She does not like him, however, I like him.2) notbut 意思為不是 而是 not 和but 后面的用詞要遵循一致原則。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.典型例題- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but答案D。but與前面形成轉折，符合語意。而表并列的and， 結果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。第四類表因果關系的連詞1) for 因為，做并列連詞使用時，是在對先行的句子補述原因或者理由，只可以連接句子與句子，通常不置于句首。He is absent today, for he is ill.2) so, therefore 因此He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.I think, therefore I am 3）then 那么，因而 Hide behind the wall, then they wont see you.注意： a. 兩個并列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnt play in the game. b. although yet，但although不與 but連用。 (錯)Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. (對)Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work. 從屬連詞從屬連詞不同與并列連詞，只能用來引導從句，而不能引導詞或者詞組。從屬連詞一般可以引導名詞性從句和狀語從句。第一類引導名詞性從句的從屬連詞1） that 引導賓語從句或間接引語時，可省略。引導主語從句時不可以省略。He said (that) he would come. 賓語從句His mother told me (that) he is a good boy. 間接引語That she is still alive is true. 主語從句2） if/whether 是否I wonder if he is at home.I ask him whether he would come. 注意：只可以用whether的情況 介詞后面 It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow. whetheror not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not. 動詞不定式前 I dont know whether to accept his advice.第二類引導狀語從句的從屬連詞1） 連接時間狀語從句的從屬連詞before 在之前 The war had been over before he came to China.after 在之后 He came to China after the war was over.since 自從 I have lived in this city since I was born.when/while 當 The teacher entered the classroom, when all the students were playing When I came into this room, I found him lying bed asleep （while后接的動詞是延續性的動詞）as 當 I saw her as I was getting on the bus.till/until 直到 I didnt go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.as soon as 一就 As soon as he saw the policeman, the thief run away.2） 連接地點狀語從句的從屬連詞 where 在哪里 There were lots of parks where I lived.3） 連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞because 原因,用于解釋某事的原因，動機，強調直接原因和因果關系 I do it because I like it.for 表因為，表間接的原因，用于說明，解釋 I soon went to sleep, for I was tired since 表原因，比because弱，比as強，表一種已知的，顯然的理由，常譯為“既然 as 表原因時，意義最弱 As you are in poor health, you should do more exercises4） 連接結果狀語從句的從屬連詞sothat 如此以至于 He is so kind that everybody likes him.suchthat He is such a kind man that everybody likes him5） 連接目的狀語從句的從屬連詞that / so that / in order that 為了 Speak clearly that/so that/ in order that they may understand you. 6) 連接條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 if 如果 If it rains tomorrow, we wont go on a picnic. unless 除非 (如果不 ) He will come unless it rains. in case 萬一 You may call this number in case I am not at home 7)連接比較狀語從句的從屬連詞 than 比 Its easier than I thought. as/soas和一樣 She is as tall as you. He is not as/so tall as his wife.