一、時態講解：現在完成時（1）構成：現在完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構成，助動詞have 有人稱和數的變化。第三人稱單數用has，其余用have.現在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡單回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）現在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。說話人強調的是該動作或狀態對現在的結果或影響。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和包括現在在內的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：a) since和for的區別since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，表示“長達多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.2）表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續。因此，不能說： He has come here for 2 weeks. The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的區別：表示“曾到過某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已經去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。試比較：Where has he been? 他剛才到哪里去了？（已經回來了）Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他們到過加拿大。（現在已經不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經到加拿大）.3）現在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。Irregular VerbsBase FormPast FormPast Participlebearborebornbeatbeatbeatenbecomebecamebecomeblowblewblownbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosencomecamecomedodiddonedrinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriveneatateeatenfallfellfallenfindfoundfoundflyflewflowngetgotgotgivegavegivengowentgonegrowgrewgrownhavehadhadhearheardheardkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftloselostlostmakemademadeputputputreadreadreadrunranrunsaysaidsaidseesawseensellsoldsoldsendsentsentsingsangsungsinksank/sunksunktaketooktakenteachtaughttaughtwritewrotewroteam, iswasbeenarewerebeenExercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D. been2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改為否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now. (用just改寫) I _ _ just _ _ a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改為同義句) We _ _English _three years5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑問句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) _ _have they been here?7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉換)Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago.Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?Use “never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since” to fill in the blanks.1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”現在完成時練習題一、翻譯下列句子：你曾經吃過魚和薯條嗎？ 2. 我剛剛丟了我的化學書。 3. 我以前從來沒去過那個農場。 4. 他已經吃過午飯 5. 你已經看過這部電影了嗎？ 6. 我哥哥還沒回來。7.這本字典我已買了三年了。 8.他離開中國三年了。 9.我認識他們五年了。 10.他們已去了美國五年了。 11.自從他搬到濟寧，他就住這兒了。 12.我妹妹成為一個大學生已經三年。 13.自從1999年以來他們就認識。14.我來到這個學校已3年多了。 二、用since和for填空 1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock 7 4 hours 8._an hour ago 9. _we were children 10._ lunch time 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、結束性動詞轉換為以下延續性動詞或者表示可以延續的狀態的短語。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4) They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for _.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up； die be dead； leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep； finish / end be over；marry be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ；begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep； lose not have ；buy have ；put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold； get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.四、劃線提問1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book五、用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.六、用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year?14) _ they often _ skating in winter?七 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”八. 用適當的時態填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We - already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.參考答案：1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seenKeys: 1. How long have, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buyKeys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already現在完成時態練習題答案一翻譯下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips?2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before.4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet?6. My brother hasnt come /get / been back yet = My brother hasnt returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用since或者for填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10. since11. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for16. since三、結束性動詞轉換為以下延續性動詞或者表示可以延續的狀態的短語 1. has been in , five minutes 2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years 2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years 4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990