2005年英語專業八級聽力真題ESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2005) -GRADEEIGHT-PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.WritingaResearchPaperI.ResearchPapersandOrdinaryEssayA.Similarityin(1) _:e.g. choosingatopicaskingquestionsidentifyingtheaudienceB.Differencemainlyintermsof(2) _1.researchpapers:printedsources2.ordinaryessay:ideasinones(3) _II.TypesandCharacteristicsofResearchPapersA.Numberofbasictypes:twoB.Characteristics:1.survey-typepaper:togather(4) _toquoteto(5) _Thewritershouldbe(6) _.2.argumentative(research)paper:a.Thewritershoulddomore,e.g.tointerprettoquestion,etc.b. (7) _varieswiththetopic,e.g.torecommendanaction,etc.III.HowtoChooseaTopicforaResearchPaperInchoosingatopic,itisimportantto(8) _.QuestionNo. 1:yourfamiliaritywiththetopicQuestionNo. 2:AvailabilityofrelevantinformationonthechosentopicQuestionNo. 3:Narrowingthetopicdownto(9) _QuestionNo. 4:Askingquestionsabout(10) _Thequestionshelpustoworkoutwayintothetopicanddiscoveritspossibilities.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.WhatisthepurposeofProfessorMcKaysreport?A.Tolookintothementalhealthofoldpeople.B.Toexplainwhypeoplehavenegativeviewsonoldage.C.Tohelpcorrectsomefalsebeliefsaboutoldage.D.Toidentifythevariousproblemsofoldage2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTProfessorMcKaysview?A.Peoplechangeinoldagealotmorethanattheageof21.B.Thereareasmanysickpeopleinoldageasinmiddleage.C.Weshouldnotexpectmorephysicalillnessamongoldpeople.D.Weshouldnotexpecttofindoldpeopleunattractiveasagroup.3.AccordingtoProfessorMcKaysreport,A.familyloveisgraduallydisappearing.B.itishardtocommentonfamilyfeeling.C.morechildrenareindifferenttotheirparents.D.familyloveremainsasstrongasever.4.ProfessorMcKayis_towardsthetendencyofmoreparentslivingapartfromtheirchildren.A.negativeB.positiveC.ambiguousD.neutral5.TheonlypopularbeliefthatProfessorMcKayisunabletoprovideevidenceagainstisA.old-agesickness.B.loosefamilyties.C.poormentalabilities.D.difficulitiesinmaths.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.6.ScientistsinBrazilhaveusedfrogskintoA.eliminatebacteria.B.treatburns.C.Speeduprecovery.D.reducetreatmentcost.Question7isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.7.WhatisNOTafeatureofthenewkaraokemachine?A.Itisfeaturedbyhightechnology.B.Itallowsyoutoimitatefamoussingers.C.Itcanautomaticallyalterthetempoandtoneofasong.D.Itcanbeplacedinspeciallydesignedthemerooms.Question8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.8.ChinasInternetusershadreached_bytheendofJune.A. 68millionB. 8.9millionC. 10millionD. 1.5millionQuestion9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.9.AccordingtotheWTO,Chineseexportsrose_lastyear.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310.Accordingtothenews,whichtradingnationinthetop10hasreporteda5percentfallinexports?A.TheUK.B.TheUS.C.Japan.D.Germany.Part1,ListeningComprehensionSectionA,Mini-LectureIthinkasseniors,youareoftenrequiredbyyourinstructorstodosomelibraryresearchonthistopicorthat.And,intheend,youhavetowritearesearchpaper,right?Thenwhatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?Howarewegoingtowriteone?Whatarethestepsinproducingaresearchpaperandwhatarethepointsweneedtotakecareof?Intodayslecture,Illtrytoanswerthesequestions.Firstofall,whatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?Wemaystartbycomparingittoanordinaryessay,aformofwritingyouareveryfamiliarwith.Writingaresearchpaperismuchlikewritinganessay.Bothkindsofwritinginvolvemanyofthesamebasicsteps.Thatis,choosingatopic,askingquestionstodefineanddevelopthetopic,identifyingtheaudience,gettingrawmaterialtoworkwith,outliningthepaper,writingit,and,finally,revisingit.Thesearethestepssharedbetweenresearchpaperwritingandessaywriting.Isthereanydifference,youmayask.Yes.Whatmakesaresearchpaperdifferentisthatmuchofyourrawmaterialcomesnotfromyourownhead,butfromprintedsources:mainlybooksandperiodicalsinthelibrary.Collectingrawmaterial,thatisreadingbooksandtakingnotes,isverymuchliketheprocessofbrainstormingattheprewritingstageofanordinaryessay.Generallyspeaking,therearetwobasictypesofresearchpapers,andapapermaybelongtoeithertype.Itmaybeasurveyoffactsandopinionsavailableonagiventopicorananalyticalargumentthatusesthosefactsandopinionstoproveapoint.Yourinstructormaytellyouwhichkindofpaperyouareexpectedtowrite.Ifnot,youyourselfshouldeventuallychoosebetweensurveyingandarguing.Youwillthenhaveadefinitewayofmanagingyoursources.Now,letstakealookathowyouaregoingtowriteasurvey-typeresearchpaperoranargumentativeresearchpaper.Inasurvey-typeresearchpaper,yougatherfactsandavarietyofopinionsonagiventopic.Youmakelittleattempttointerpretorevaluatewhatyoursourcessayortoproveaparticularpoint.Instead,throughquotation,summary,andparaphrase,youtrytoprovidearepresentativesamplingoffactsandopinionstogiveanobjectivereportonyourtopic.Youexplaintheprosandconsofvariousattitudesoropinions,butyoudontsidedefinitelywithanyoneofthem.Whileinanargumentativeresearchpaper,youdoconsiderablymore.Youdonotsimplyquote,paraphrase,andsummarizeasyoudoinasurvey-typepaper.Youinterpret,question,compare,andjudgethestatementsyoucite.Youexplainwhyoneopinionissoundandanotherisnot;whyonefactisrelevantandanotherisnot;whyonewriteriscorrectandanotherismistaken.Whatsmore,yourpurposemayvarywithyourtopic.Youmaytrytoexplainasituationtorecommendacourseofaction,torevealthesolutiontoaproblem,ortopresentanddefendaparticularinterpretationofahistoricaleventoraworkofart.ButwhetherthetopicisspacetravelortrendsincontemporaryAmericanliterature,anargumentativeresearchpaperdealsactivelyIsayitagain,activelywiththestatementsitcites.Itmakesthesestatementsworktogetherinanargumentthatyoucreate,thatis,toanargumentleadingtoaconclusionofyourown.Inthenextpartofthelecture,IdliketotalkaboutoneofthebasicstepsinwritingImentionedearlierinthelecture.Thatishowtochooseatopic.Choosingatopicforaresearchpaperisinsomewayslikechoosingatopicforanordinaryessay,buttherearesomedifferences.Asyouthinkaboutyourtopic,askyourselfthesequestions:Questionnumberone:Doyoureallywanttoknowmoreaboutthistopic?Thisistheinitialquestionyouhavetoaskyourself,becauseresearchonanysubjectwillkeepyoubusyforweeks.Youcertainlydonotwishtowasteyourtimeonsomethingyouhavelittleinterestin.Youdoitwellonlyifyouexpecttolearnsomethinginterestingorimportantintheprocess.QuestionnumbertwAreyoulikelytofindmanysourcesofinformationonthistopic?Youcannotwritearesearchpaperwithoutconsultingavarietyofsources.Ifonlyonesourceornoneatallisreadilyavailable,youshouldrethinkyourtopicorchooseanother.Questionnumberthree:Canyoucutthetopicdowntoamanageablesize?Bereasonableandrealisticaboutwhatyoucandoinashortperiod,say,twotofourweeks.Ifyourtopicis“TheAmericanRevolution”,youllscarcelyhavetimetomakealistofbooksonyoursubject,letalonereadandanalyzethem.Sotrytofindsomethingspecific,suchas“TheRoleofThomasJeffersonintheAmericanRevolution”or“TheFranco-AmericanAlliance”Questionnumberfour:Whatquestionscanyouaskaboutthetopicitself?Questionshelpyougetthetopicdowntoamanageablesize,discoveritspossibilities,andfindthegoalofyourresearch,thatis,thespecificproblemyouwanttoinvestigate.SupposeyouwanttowriteabouttheissueoffinancingacollegeeducationAtopicnotonlycurrent,butalsodirectlylinkedtothelivesofmostcollegestudentsandtheirfamilies.Youcouldaskatleasttwoorthreepointedquestions:Howmuchdoeseducationalopportunitydependonfinancialstatus?Isfinancialaidgoingtothestudentswhoneeditmost?Howmuchshoulduniversitiesandcollegeschargetheirstudents?Youcanaskyourselfthesequestionsormoreasyoustartworkontheresearchpaper.Okay.Tosumup,intodayslecture,wevelookedatsomeoftheissuesinresearchpaperwriting,likethebasicsteps,typesofresearchpaper,andhowtochooseatopic.Inournextlecture,wellconcentrateonhowtoidentifytheaudience,howtoworkoutanoutline,andhowtoeditthedraft.SectionB,InterviewM:Today,weveProfessorMcKayonourmorningtalkshow.Goodmorning,ProfessorMcKay.W:Goodmorning.M:Iveheardthatyouandyourteamhavejustcompletedareportonoldage.W:Thatsright.M:Couldyoutellmewhatyourreportisabout?W:Well,thereportbasicallylooksintothevariousbeliefsthatpeopleholdaboutoldageandtriestoverifythem.M:Andwhatdoyouthinkyourreportcanachieve?W:Wehopethatitwillsomehowhelppeopletochangetheirfeelingsaboutoldage.Theproblemisthatfartoomanyofusbelievethatmostoldpeoplearepoor,lonely,andunhappy.Asaresult,wetendtofindoldpeople,asagroup,unattractive.Andthisisverydangerousforoursociety.M:Butsurelywecannotescapethefactthatmanyoldpeoplearelonelyandmanyaresick.W:No,wecant.Butwemustalsorememberthattheproportionofsuchpeopleisnogreateramongthe60-70agegroupthanamongthe50-60agegroup.M:Inotherwords,thereisnomorementalillness,forexample,amongthe60s-70sthanamongthe50s-60s.W:Right!Andwhyshouldtherebe?Whyshouldweexpectpeopletosuddenlychangewhentheyreachtheir60thor60thbirthdayanymorethantheydidwhentheyreachedtheir21st?M:Butonewouldexpecttheretobemorephysicalillnessamongoldpeople,surely.W:Whyshouldoneexpectthis?Afterall,thosepeoplewhoreachtheageof65or70arethestrongamongus.Theweakdiemainlyinchildhood,thenintheir40sand50s.Furthermore,bythetimepeoplereach60or65,theyhavelearnedhowtolookafterthemselves.Theykeepwarm,sleepregularhours,andeatsensibly.Ofcourse,someoldpeopledosufferfromphysicalillnesses,butthesedonotsuddenlydevelopontheir65thbirthday.Peoplewhoarehealthyinmiddleagetendtobehealthyinoldage,justasonewouldexpect.M:Doyoufindthatyoungpeoplethesedaysarenotasconcernedabouttheirparentsastheirparentswereabouttheirs?W:Wehavefoundnothingthatsuggeststhatfamilyfeelingiseitherdyingordead.Theredonotappeartobelargenumbersofyoungpeoplewhoaretrying,forexample,tohavetheirdearoldmotherlockedupinamentalhospital.M:Dontmanymoreparentsliveapartfromtheirmarriedchildrenthenusedtobethecase?W:True,butthisisbecausemanymoreyoungfamiliescanaffordtoowntheirownhomesthesedaysthaneverbefore.Inotherwords,parentsandtheirmarriedchildrenusuallyliveinseparatehouseholdsbecausetheypreferitthatway,notbecausethechildrenrefusetohavemumanddadlivingwiththem.M:Isthisagoodthing,doyouthink?W:Ithinkthatitsanexcellentarrangement.Weallliketokeeppartofourlivesprivate,evenfromthosewelovedearly.Icertainlydontthinkthatitsasignoftheincreasedlonelinessofoldage.M:Arepeoplesmentalabilitiesaffectedbyoldage?W:Certainchangesdotakeplaceaswegrowolder,butthishappensthroughoutlife.Thesechangesareverygradualandhappenatdifferenttimeswithdifferentpeople,but,ingeneral,ifyouknowapersonwellinhismiddleageandhaveseenhowhedealswitheventsandproblems,youwilleasilyrecognizehiminoldage.M:Sothatsomeonewhoenjoysnewexperiences,travel,education,andsooninhismiddleyearswillusuallycontinuetodosointooldage?W:Exactly.Wehavecarriedoutsomeveryinterestingexperimentsinwhichagroupofpeopleaged60-70andagroupaged30-40hadtolearnthesamethings.Thefirstthingwediscoveredwasthattheyounggrouptendstobequickeratlearningthantheoldgroup.However,althoughtheoldgrouptooklongertolearn,eventually,theyperformedaswellastheyounggroup.Andwhenwetestedthetwogroupsseveralweekslater,therewasagainnodifferencebetweenthetwogroups.M:Thatsveryinterestingindeed.Whatelsedidyourexperimentsshow?W:Well,onegroupofoldpeopleagreedtoattendeveningclassesforayeartostudyEnglishandmathematics.Infact,mostofthisgroupbecamesointerestedintheirstudiesthattheycontinuedthemforanotheryear.Anyway,wediscoveredthattheydidbestintheEnglishclassesandthatmostofthemsteadilyimprovedtheirabilitytocommunicateinboththewrittenandthespokenlanguage.M:Whataboutthegroupwhostudiedmathematics?W:Well,thatsadifferentstory.Thereseemstobenodoubtthatpeoplefindmathsmoredifficultastheygrowolder.Though,whythisisso,Icannotsay.M:Perhapspocketcalculatorswillsolvethisproblem.W:Ithinkyoureright.Infact,Imsurethatyouare.M:Okay.Timeforacommercial.Staytuned;wellberightback.SectionC:NewsItemsQuestion6M:ScientistsinBrazilclaimtheyvecomeupwithanewwayoftreatingburns.Thatis,withfrogskin.Researcherssayitischeapandeffective.Thefrogskinhascomponentsthatdiminishthegrowthofbacteria,makingthewoundhealfasterandreducingtheamountoftimethatpatienthastostayinhospital.ResearcherssaidthemethodhadalreadybeensuccessfullyusedinsomehospitalsinBrazil.Question7W:Onceasourceofhigh-pitchedbusinessactivity,Japanskaraokeindustryhassloweddown.Japanesehavelesstosingaboutamidsustainedeconomicproblems.Karaokefirmsarenowstrivingtodevelopnewideastoattractcost-consciouskaraokesingers.Theseincludeanew,high-techmachinethatallowspeopletosinglikefamoussi