新概念英語第一冊語法總結一、時態一般現在時，現在進行時，一般過去時，現在完成時，一般將來時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時1. 一般現在時表示一般性，經常性的動作或一般性事實。u 含有 be 動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.u 不含有動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數及單數名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加 does, 動詞變為原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加 doesnt, 動詞變為原型He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意：第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞后面加 S，不要和名詞復數混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復數名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加 doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2. 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。構成： 主語be 動詞動詞的現在分詞其它成分（現在分詞的構成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)沒有進行時的動詞表示狀態，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has 當”擁有”講時沒有進行時3. 一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或事件， 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如 yesterday, last night, the day beforeyesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 動詞的句子， 將動詞變為過去式，am, is 的過去式為 was，are 的過去式為 wereI was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將 be 動詞移動到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?(必背)不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變為過去式，動詞過去式構成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.變疑問句在句首加 did， 動詞變為原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.King Streeta year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現在完成時構成：主語+助動詞 have, has+過去分詞用法：表示過去發生的和現在有某種聯系的動作，常和 just, usually, already, since 等時間副詞連用I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已經知道書的內容了，不用再看了）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?表示開始于過去并持續到現在的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.表示一種經歷，經驗：去過地方，做過事情，經歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經回來)He has gone to London.（人還在那里）5)表示一種結果， 一般不和時間副詞聯用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加 not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時與現在完成時的區別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用錯：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時表示將來將要發生的動作， 經常和 tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in fivehours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯用結構： 主語+助動詞 will+動詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加 notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：What will you do?6. 過去完成時：用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。結構：had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before 引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?變否定句在助動詞后面加 notShe hadnt finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.特殊疑問句：What had she done?7. 過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,經常用在 when, while, as 引導的狀語從句中。結構：was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8 過去將來時結構：would doShe said she would go here the next morning. 特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結構1. Be going to 結構表示打算，準備，計劃做某事結構：主語+be 動詞+going to +動詞原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將 be 動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在 be 動詞后面加 notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is no