江蘇省阜寧中學(xué) welcometoourclass therearemanysleepingstudentsinclass 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) feelingthelessonisboring thestudentsaresleepy thestudentsfeelthelessonboring thelessonisboring 賓補(bǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 4 themanwhoisrunninginthepictureisliuxiang 2 themanrunninginthepictureisliuxiang 1 arunningman 3 themanrunningfastestgotthefirstplace 一 v ingusedasattribute 小結(jié) v ing形式作定語(yǔ)可表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 如例1 2 或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系 如例3 單個(gè)v ing詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞一般置于名詞之前 如例1 v ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后 如例2 3 此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 如例4 arunningathleteapromisingyoungman anexcitingeveninganinterestingcrosstalk 有前途的年輕人 跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員 激動(dòng)人心的夜晚 有趣的相聲 在禮堂里做演講的教授在田間勞作的農(nóng)民持續(xù)半個(gè)小時(shí)的會(huì)議朝街的大樓 theprofessorgivingaspeechinthehall thefarmersworkinginthefield themeetinglastinghalfanhour thebuildingfacingthestreet translatethephrasesusingv ing theteacherteachingusenglishismr sun theteacherwhoteaches isteachingusenglishismr sun thepeoplesittingbehindusareallteachers thepeoplewhoaresittingbehindusareallteachers 2 wenoticedalotofpeople 二 v ingusedasobjectcomplement 1 wesawsomestudents 3 theyhavethefireburningallnight playingbasketballontheplayground waitingtoenterthestadium v ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)置于賓語(yǔ)之后 表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 如例1 2 或強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程或一種狀態(tài) 如例3 小結(jié) v ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞 小結(jié) 表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 常見(jiàn)的有see hear feel smell find notice observe lookat listento等 2 表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞 常見(jiàn)的有have set keep get catch leave等 如 1 isawthem force thedooropenwithahammer 2 weheardthem quarrel aboutmoneyaftertheconcert theylookedveryangry 3 iheardhim drop lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin forcing quarreling dropping 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時(shí) 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人站在大門(mén)口 whenwereturnedtotheschool we attheentrance 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個(gè)包 i ontheground 那老板讓工人整夜地工作 theboss thewholenight foundastrangerstanding foundabaglying kept hadtheworkersworking theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying theresultisfoundverysatisfying 這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意 hewasheardsinginginthenextroom 有人聽(tīng)到他在隔壁房間唱歌 theymustn tbekeptwaiting 千萬(wàn)不能讓他們等 他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛(ài)很感人 hisconcernforhismotheris 三 v ingusedaspredicative touching moving ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ) 相當(dāng)于形容詞 表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)thefilmisinteresting 小提示 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可用very來(lái)鑒別 在v ing前加上very句意說(shuō)得通的是現(xiàn)在分詞 說(shuō)不通的是動(dòng)名詞 四 v ingusedasanadverb v ing詞組可以在句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間 原因 目的 結(jié)果 條件 伴隨 讓步等狀語(yǔ) ing短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般置于句首 如 hearingthebadnews theycouldn thelpcrying whentheyheardthebadnews theycouldn thelpcrying 當(dāng)聽(tīng)到這個(gè)不幸的消息時(shí) 他們情不自禁地哭了起來(lái) 1 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) idecidedtowriteback 收到他的信后 我決定給他回信 idecidedtowriteback havingreceivedhisletter afterihadreceivedhisletter 因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城許多次 上周他就沒(méi)去 hedidn tgolastweek hedidn tgolastweek ing短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)一般置于句首 如 beingsoangry hecouldn tgotosleep becausehewassoangry hecouldn tgotosleep 因?yàn)樘鷼饬?他不能入睡 2 作原因狀語(yǔ) havingbeentothegreatwallmanytimes because as hehadbeentothegreatwallmanytimes ing作條件狀語(yǔ)置于句首或句末 如 workinghard youwillsucceed ifyouworkhard youwillsucceed 如果你勤奮一點(diǎn) 你就會(huì)成功 3 作條件狀語(yǔ) 注意 andyouwillsucceed workhard ing短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ) 可置于句首或句末 常與evenif though連用 如 4 作讓步狀語(yǔ) thoughworkingfrommorningtillnight hisfatherdidn tgetenoughfood althoughhisfatherworkedfrommorningtillnight hedidn tgetenoughfood 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活 但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的 theycameintotheclassroom singingandlaughing theysangandlaughed theycameintotheclassroom 他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)教室 5 作伴隨狀語(yǔ) whilestayinginbeijing hecametoseemetwice whilehewasstayinginbeijing hecametoseemetwice thoughwillingtoattendtheparty herefusedtheinvitation thoughhewaswillingtoattendtheparty herefusedtheinvitation 小結(jié) 1 ing短語(yǔ)與when while though until if等連詞連用時(shí) 相當(dāng)于這些連引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句 如 2 動(dòng)詞 ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致 1 a hearingthenews tearsrandownherface b hearingthenews shecriedoutsadly 2 a enteringtheclassroom ifoundnobodyinit b enteringtheclassroom nobodywasfoundinit 3 a lookingoutthroughthewindow thegardenwasbeautiful b lookingoutthroughthewindow wesawabeautifulgarden 4 a readingtheeveningnewspaper adogstartedbarking b iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking choosethecorrectsentence 1 theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam thus thedelay a tocauseb causingc causedd cause2 the boywaslastseen nearthebankofthelake a missing playingb missing playc missed playedd missed toplay exercise 3 afterseeingthemovie a thebookwasreadbyhimb thebookmadehimwanttoreaditc hewantedtoreadthebookd thereadingofthebookinterestedhim 4 thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed dead a lyingb liec layd laying5 therewasaterriblenoise thesuddenburstoflight a followedb followingc tobefollowedd beingfollowed 6 thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident a toprepareb preparingc preparedd waspreparing thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident a 7 john sbadhabitis withoutthoroughunderstanding a readb beingreadc tobereadd reading8 areply hedecidedtowriteagain a notreceivingb receivingnotc nothavingreceivedd havingnotreceived 考例1 acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound inthekitchen nmet2003 smokeb smokingc tosmoked smoked 考點(diǎn) v ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 與高考同行 考例2 weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys footballsorbasketballs thatallchildrenlikethesethings 2006全國(guó)卷iii a thinkingb thinkc tothinkd thought 考點(diǎn) v ing形式作原因狀語(yǔ) 考例3 whilewatchingtelevision 2005全國(guó)卷ii a thedoorbellrangb thedoorbellringsc weheardthedoorbellringd weheardthedoorbellrings 考點(diǎn) 當(dāng)分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致 考例4 theoldman abroadfort