腫瘤干細(xì)胞腫瘤干細(xì)胞Cancer Stem Cell Pluripotent 2. 成體干細(xì)胞成體干細(xì)胞 (somatic stem cell, adult stem cell, ASC);3. 骨髓干細(xì)胞骨髓干細(xì)胞 (bone marrow derived stem cell, BMSC)或造血干細(xì)胞或造血干細(xì)胞 (hematopoietic stem cell， HSC)n 根據(jù)干細(xì)胞的發(fā)育潛能分為三類：根據(jù)干細(xì)胞的發(fā)育潛能分為三類：1. 全能干細(xì)胞全能干細(xì)胞 (totipotent stem cell,TSC)、2. 多能干細(xì)胞（多能干細(xì)胞（ pluripotent stem cell）3. 單能干細(xì)胞（單能干細(xì)胞（ unipotent stem cell）。）。Hui H et al: Glucagon like peptide-1-directed human embryonic stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells via hedgehog, cAMP, and PI3K pathways. Pancreas. 2010 Apr;39(3):315-22.Induced differentiation of human ESYderived cells in cultureDisappearance of stem cell markers and appearance of pancreatic A-cell markers during the human embryonic cell differentiationHui H et al: Glucagon like peptide-1-directed human embryonic stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells via hedgehog, cAMP, and PI3K pathways. Pancreas. 2010 Apr;39(3):315-22.Expression of hedgehog signal molecules during the human embryonic cell differentiation.Hui H et al: Glucagon like peptide-1-directed human embryonic stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells via hedgehog, cAMP, and PI3K pathways. Pancreas. 2010 Apr;39(3):315-22.干細(xì)胞起源？干細(xì)胞起源？體細(xì)胞克隆和干細(xì)胞克隆體細(xì)胞克隆和干細(xì)胞克隆體細(xì)胞克隆即取出一個雙倍體細(xì)胞核移入一個去核的卵細(xì)胞，并在一定條件下進(jìn)行核卵重組，再植入代孕母體中發(fā)育成新個體的過程。供體細(xì)胞均來自高度分化的體細(xì)胞，其種類繁多、數(shù)量無限。 。 克隆人類胚胎則是將卵細(xì)胞的遺傳物質(zhì)取出，只留下卵細(xì)胞中具有激發(fā)胚胎生長能力的細(xì)胞胞漿，然后將外源供者成熟體細(xì)胞的注入卵子。這種結(jié)合了 “外來 ”