高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞和語法填空給提示詞解題思路（一）確定是謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞基本原則：一句話中謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量=連接詞+1?特殊情況：1.省略連接詞that的情況(1)

(2020全國(guó)III卷)Theartistwas

(謂語動(dòng)詞)

sure

(that)

hewould

bechosen

(謂語動(dòng)詞),

but

when

hepresented

(謂語動(dòng)詞)

hismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed

(謂語動(dòng)詞).(2)

Youshouldconsider

(謂語動(dòng)詞)

carefully

whether

thecar

(that)

youwanttobuy

(謂語動(dòng)詞)

is

(謂語動(dòng)詞)

worththemoney.3.有連無主用非謂(2023全國(guó)乙卷)

Havingvisited(非謂語動(dòng)詞)

severaltimesoverthelast10years,I

was

amazed(謂語動(dòng)詞)

by

theco-existenceofoldandnew,

and

howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage

(遺產(chǎn))

while

constantly

growing.

(非謂語動(dòng)詞)練習(xí)-判斷下面空格處需要謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞1.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation__________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.A．謂語

B．非謂語2.Theoldcouplemovedbacktothecountrysidein2018and__________(lead)ahappyandpeacefullifeeversince.

A．謂語

B．非謂語3.Jackisanoutgoingstudentwhooften__________(volunteer)tohelptheseniorinthenursing

home.A．謂語動(dòng)詞

B．非謂語動(dòng)詞4.Anumberofpeoplewehadexpectedall__________(arrive)here.A．謂語

B．非謂語5.Shebelievedhe__________(succeed)despiteallthechallenges,givenhisdeterminationand

hardwork.A．謂語

B．非謂語6.UkrainianPresidentsaidthatRussia'sattacks__________(destroy)about30percentof

Ukraine'spowerstations.A．謂語

B．非謂語1.【解析】句中無連詞，已有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞

decided，其余的動(dòng)詞處理成非謂語，故選

B。2.【解析】句中有連詞

and，需要

2

個(gè)謂語，已有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞

moved，空格處作第二個(gè)謂語，故選

A。3.【解析】分析句子成分可知，這是一個(gè)由

who

引導(dǎo)的定語從句，who

在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語成分，空格處需填謂語動(dòng)詞。4.【解析】句中

wehadexpected

是定語從句，省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞，句中需要

2

個(gè)謂語，已有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞

hadexpected，空格處作第二個(gè)謂語，故選

A。5.【解析】句中

believed

后是省略了

that

的賓語從句，句中需要

2

個(gè)謂語，已有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞believed，空格處作第二個(gè)謂語，故選

A。6.【解析】句中有引導(dǎo)賓語從句的

that，句中需要

2

個(gè)謂語，已有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞

said，空格處作第二個(gè)謂語，故選

A。

（二）謂語動(dòng)詞的三大考點(diǎn)1.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：bedone判斷方法：句意＞看空格后?__________________________________________________________________________________________（2023全國(guó)乙卷）Havingvisited

severaltimesoverthelast10years,I

67

(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.【答案】

wasamazed。①確定空格處需要謂語動(dòng)詞②根據(jù)句意：主語I和動(dòng)詞amaze之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系/或者看空格后面有by，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；③下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.”可知，本句用一般過去時(shí)；故填wasamazed。Thewater__________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.【答案】

felt①確定空格處需要謂語動(dòng)詞②考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和系表結(jié)構(gòu)。feltcool是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義③結(jié)合后面的jumped，保持一致，都用一般過去時(shí)。故答案是felt。練習(xí)-請(qǐng)判斷以下空格處是否需要用被動(dòng)；如果用，請(qǐng)標(biāo)明判斷依據(jù)1.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspired

byThePeonyPavilion,_____________(build)

attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.2.【2024全國(guó)甲卷】Whatshould____45____

(do)withsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.3.(2022新高考I卷)TheGPNP________________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.4.(2022浙江1月卷)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane_____________________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.5.(2022浙江卷)Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting________________(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?6.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It________________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).7.(2021浙江1月卷)Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25________________(consider)healthy.8.(2021浙江卷)Mary’sniecewrote,"Thelittlehome________________(paint)white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionofherself,everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.9.(2020新高考)Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic________________(call)galleriesorrooms.10.(2020全國(guó)III卷)Theartistwassurehewould________________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.11.(2020北京卷)Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey________________(throw)away.2.

時(shí)態(tài)(1)熟記常考時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)時(shí)態(tài)判斷思路step1:根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)判斷①sb+was/weredoing

sth.

when

sb.

did...

②This/It/That

is

thefirst/second...timethatsb.

have/hasdone...③This/It/That

was

thefirst/second...timethatsb.

haddone...④sb

+had(just)done

sth.when＋一般過去時(shí)

⑤祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(shí)

⑥It’s

(high)time

that...did/shoulddo

sth.step2:根據(jù)常考時(shí)間提示詞?尤其關(guān)注【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的提示詞】按考頻由高到低排列①since②sofar/uptonow/tillnow③lately/recently④Itis+

次數(shù)

+

完成時(shí)⑤for+時(shí)間段step3:根據(jù)上下文的其他動(dòng)詞典例1.

(2024年遼寧省東北育才學(xué)校一模試題)

Workingwithabillion-dollarbudget,he

combined

them

to

createaworkofarchitecture

that

canexcite

visitorsasmuch

as

theartcollectioninside

(do).【答案】does①確定空格處需要謂語動(dòng)詞（有2個(gè)連接詞that/as→需要3個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞；目前只有combined和canexcite)②根據(jù)句意確定用主動(dòng)（在10億美元的預(yù)算下，他將它們結(jié)合在一起，創(chuàng)造了一件建筑作品，它可以像里面的藝術(shù)收藏一樣讓游客興奮不已。）③無明顯的時(shí)間提示詞，所以根據(jù)同一句中的can確定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；注意主語是theartcollection，第三人稱單數(shù)，所以填does。練習(xí)-請(qǐng)判斷以下空格處動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)并標(biāo)明判斷依據(jù)1.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】

“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout________(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.2.【2024全國(guó)甲卷】

They__________(be)

partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.3.(2023新高考II卷)Asalittlegirl,I________________(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.4.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimplelyricformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill________________(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.5.(2023全國(guó)乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I________________(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomemoremeaningfultome.7.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Iusedtoafraidofinsects,butlastFriday’sbiologyclass

_________________(make)

abigchangeinme.8.(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.9.(2022新高考II卷)Henry________________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.10.(2022新高考II卷)HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly________________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.11.(2022全國(guó)甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.12.(2022全國(guó)乙卷)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety________________(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind,”hesaid.13.(2022北京卷)Eventually,theman________________(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!14.(2022北京卷)Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally________________(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.15.(2022北京卷)Theuseofthoseplastics________________(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.16.(2022浙江1月卷)ButCobbandothers________________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.17.(2022浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists________________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.18.(2021新高考I卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.19.(2021新高考II卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto________________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.20.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)We________________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.21.(2020新高考)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumthatopenedin1759.22.(2020全國(guó)I卷)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess________________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3.

主謂一致（三單）基本原則（關(guān)注就近原則）主謂一致

關(guān)鍵步驟語法一致

(1)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

(2)and，both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(3)主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等謂語的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。

(4)“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

(5)定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致。

就近一致(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常與最近的主語保持一致。

(2)由there，here引起的句子中主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)通常和最近的主語保持一致。

意義一致

(1)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group等。

(2)“the＋形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

(3)由分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)或者partof等修飾時(shí)，要根據(jù)所修飾的名詞確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

典例1.

(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)

Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,

inspired

byThePeonyPavilion,

______________

(build)

attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.【答案】wasbuilt主語為“asix-meter-tallpavilion”，單數(shù)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填wasbuilt。典例2.

(江蘇省南通市如皋市2023-2024學(xué)年度高三調(diào)研試題)

WearingtraditionalLicostumes,andfishinginstreams________

(be)amongvisitors’favoriteactivities.Danzhouhasalsoattractedvisitorsbyorganizingsportsevents.【答案】are主語為WearingtraditionalLicostumes,andfishinginstreams，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are。練習(xí)-請(qǐng)判斷以下空格處動(dòng)詞的主謂一致并標(biāo)明判斷依據(jù)1.【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse_______________(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor

the

firsttime.2.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsects

____________(become)

moremeaningfultome.3.(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.4.(2022新高考I卷)TheGPNP________________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.5.(2022新高考II卷)Henry________________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.6.(2022新高考II卷)HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly________________(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.7.(2022全國(guó)甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.8.(2022北京卷)Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally________________(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.9.(2022北京卷)Theuseofthoseplastics________________(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.10.(2022浙江1月卷)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________________________________(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.11.(2022浙江1月卷)ButCobbandothers________________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.12.(2022浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists________________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.13.(2022浙江卷)Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting________________(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?14.(2021新高考I卷)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit________________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.15.(2021新高考II卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto________________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.16.(2021全國(guó)甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It________________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).17.(2021北京卷)Asit________________(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.綜合練習(xí)1．（2024高三上·浙江·專題練習(xí)）Citizensofhighersocialclasses

(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.【答案】werepermitted【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：高等階層的公民被允許住在離中心地帶更近的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處在句中作謂語，和主語Citizensofhighersocialclasses構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因?yàn)槭菍?duì)過去事實(shí)的陳述應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填werepermitted。2．（23-24高三上·江蘇揚(yáng)州·階段練習(xí)）Accordingtosomeacademicstudies,sugarpainting

(date)backtotheMingDynastywhensugaranimalsandfiguresweremadeinmoulds(模具)aspartofasacrificeinreligiousceremonies.【答案】dates【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：根據(jù)一些學(xué)術(shù)研究，糖畫可以追溯到明朝，當(dāng)時(shí)糖制的動(dòng)物和人物是在模具中制成的，作為宗教儀式中祭祀的一部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為主句謂語動(dòng)詞，描述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是單數(shù)名詞“sugarpainting”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填dates。3．（23-24高三上·江蘇南通·期末）Breakingdeeplyimbeddedhabitualtendenciessuchasprocrastination,impatience,criticalness,orselfishnessthatviolatebasicprinciplesofhumaneffectiveness

(involve)morethanalittlewillpowerandafewminorchangesinourlives.【答案】involves【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：打破根深蒂固的習(xí)慣傾向，如拖延、不耐煩、挑剔或自私，這些違反了人類效率的基本原則，需要的不僅僅是一點(diǎn)意志力和生活中的一些小改變。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，主句中缺少謂語，所以involve做本句謂語，主語是Breaking，為第三人稱單數(shù)，描述的是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填involves。4．（23-24高三上·福建·階段練習(xí)）Theconstructionworkers

(plug)theholewithplasticbagsbeforeitrainedheavily.【答案】hadplugged【詳解】考查過去完成時(shí)。句意：在下大雨之前，建筑工人已經(jīng)用塑料袋堵住了這個(gè)洞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語從句beforeitrainedheavily可知，此處是描述在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，用過去完成時(shí)，故填hadplugged。5．（23-24高三上·福建·期末）Sofar,largequantities