專(zhuān)題08自然生態(tài)（原卷版）

【材料來(lái)源：BBCJun.18,2024]

ThisEcuadorianforestthrivedamid

deforestationafterbeinggrantedlegalrights

Despiteextensivedeforestationinthesurroundingregion,LosCedros*11,681acres(4,800ha)buzzwithlife.

Itsbiodiversityisastonishing:morethan130scientificpapershavebeenpublishedonthevastnumberofspecies

thatcallLosCedroshome-fromfungitosnailsandbears.Mostofthereserveisacloudforestwheretheairis

heavywithmoisture.Manyspeciescan'tbefoundanywhereelse,suchasthetinyorangeLosCedrosrainfrog.

LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros,butitssurvivalwasn*talwayscertain-anditislargelythankstoa

powerful,andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovementthattheforestisstillstanding.

In2008,Ecuadorbecamethefirstcountrytochangeitsconstitutiontostatethatnaturehasthesamerightsas

people.ThechangewasledbyEcuador*sIndigenousmovement,andmarkedoneofthefirstmajorstepsinwhathas

becomeknownastheTightsofnature*movement-amovementcentredonalegalframeworkthatrecognisesthe

inherentrightofthenaturalworldtothesameprotectionsaspeopleandcorporations.

Todate,initiativestorecognisetherightsofnaturehavebeenpursuedin44countries.Somecaseshave

defendedasingleanimal,whileotherlegaldecisionshaverecognisedtherightsofrivers,mountains,andallof

MotherEarth.

【譯文欣賞】

這片厄瓜多爾森林在被授予法律權(quán)利后在砍伐森林中茁壯成長(zhǎng)

盡管周邊地區(qū)的森林遭到大規(guī)模砍伐，洛斯塞德羅斯（LosCedros）保護(hù)區(qū)11681英畝（4800公頃）的

土地上，森林依然生機(jī)勃勃。這里的生物多樣性令人驚嘆，有130多篇已經(jīng)發(fā)表的科學(xué)論文，介紹了棲息

在洛斯塞德羅斯的大量物種-從真菌到蝸牛到熊類(lèi)。保護(hù)區(qū)里的大部分森林被云霧籠罩，空氣極其濕潤(rùn)。這

里有許多在別處見(jiàn)不到的物種，比如體型微小的橙色洛斯塞德羅斯雨蛙。

在洛斯塞德羅斯保護(hù)區(qū)，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它們的生存并不總是那么有保障。這片森林之所以能

夠屹立不倒，主要?dú)w功于一場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大、影響力日益增強(qiáng)的全球法律運(yùn)動(dòng)。

2008年，厄瓜多爾成為第一個(gè)修改憲法，規(guī)定自然享有與人類(lèi)同等權(quán)利的國(guó)家。這一改變是由厄瓜多

爾原住民團(tuán)體推動(dòng)的，標(biāo)志著“自然權(quán)利”(rightsofnature)運(yùn)動(dòng)邁出了重要的第一步，該運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心是

建立一個(gè)法律框架，承認(rèn)自然界的固有權(quán)利，即享有與人類(lèi)和企業(yè)組織同等的受保護(hù)權(quán)。

迄今為止，已有44個(gè)國(guó)家提出了承認(rèn)自然享有權(quán)利的倡議。有的法律案件為了一種動(dòng)物辯護(hù)，有的法

律判決則承認(rèn)了河流、山脈和整個(gè)地球母親(MotherEarth)的權(quán)利。

【詞匯積累】

1.thrive/Graiv/v.興盛，繁榮

2.amid/s'mid/prep.在…當(dāng)中；為…環(huán)繞

3.deforestation/,di:,fori'steifsn/n.森林砍伐

4.biodiversity/.baioudai'vs^iti/n.生物多樣性

5.species/'spi:Jl:z/n.物種

6.cloudforest/klaud'fb:nst/n.云霧森林

7.moisture/'moistjsr/n.水分，濕氣

8.survival/ssr'vaivsl/n.生存

9.legal/'li:g91/adj.法律的

10.influential/(mflu'enjbl/adj.有影響力的

11.constitution/.knnstitju^n/n.憲法

12.indigenous/m'd^mas/adj.土著的，本地的

13.framework/'freimtw3：rk/n.框架

14.inherent/m'hisrsnt/adj.固有的，內(nèi)在的

15.initiative/I'nifbtiv/n.倡議，主動(dòng)性

【長(zhǎng)難句分析】

原句

LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros,butitssurvivalwasn'talwayscertain-anditislargelythankstoapowerful,

andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovementthattheforestisstillstanding.

譯文

在洛斯塞德羅斯保護(hù)區(qū)，一切仍在繁衍生息，但它們的生存并不總是那么有保障。這片森林之所以能夠屹

立不倒，主要?dú)w功于一場(chǎng)聲勢(shì)浩大、影響力日益增強(qiáng)的全球法律運(yùn)動(dòng)。

分析

+一[主句：LifecontinuestothriveinLosCedros]

+一[并歹U句：butitssurvivalwasn*talwayscertain]

+一[并歹U句：anditislargelythankstoapowerful,andincreasinglyinfluential,globallegalmovement]

I

+一[定語(yǔ)從句：thattheforestisstillstanding]

（一）

AccordingtotheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）,hundredsofmarine（海洋的）

speciesacrosstheworldcomeunderendangeredandcriticallyendangeredcategories.Someoftheendangeredand

recognizablemarinespeciesarenamedhere.

Kemp'sRidleySeaTurtle

TheKemp'sRidleySeaTurtle,alsoknownastheAtlanticRidleySeaTurtle,isendangeredastherarestand

smallestseaturtle.

DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard,theygatheroffthecoastin

northeasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggseveryyear.Asmarinereptiles（爬行動(dòng)物），they

arethreatenedbyoilspills,lackoffoodandmarinepollution.

Vaquita

Asararemarinemammal,Vaquitaisontheedgeofextinctiononlyahalf-centuryafteritsfirstsighting.

ExtensivefishingintheGulfofCaliforniahasendangeredthismarinespecies,resultinginagradualdropin

populationsincethe1940s.Accordingtoreports,thereareonlyadozenofthesemarinemammalsleftintheworld

sincethepercentageofdeclineintheirpopulationwasasmuchas90%since2011.

Whale

FinWhaleisthesecond-largestmammalontheplanetafterBlueWhaleanditisalsoavictimofhunting.

Accordingtoestimates,theglobalpopulationofFinWhalerangesfrombelow100,000toaround119,000.

HumpbackWhale,anotherwhalespecies,hasalsobeenlistedasanendangeredmarinespecies.Beforethe

introductionofthewhalingmoratorium（暫停）in1966,thespecieswashuntedforitsfur,whilethepopulation

droppedby90%.Currently,around2,500HumpbackWhalessurviveintheworld.

HawaiianMonkSeal

AnativeoftheNorthwesternHawaiianIslands,HawaiianMonkSealisoneoftheearlesssealswholiveon

warmbeaches,unlikeotherseals.

Accordingtorecentresearch,only1,400HawaiianMonkSealsremainontheIslands.Thesesealsare

mainlythreatenedbypredatorsliketigersharks.Besides,otherreasonslikehabitatlossandfoodlimitationalso

contributetotheircriticalsituation.

1.WhydoKemp'sRidleySeaTurtleslandonthebeachinlargegroups?

A.Tonest.B.Toreproduce.C.Toavoidattack.D.Tohuntfoods.

2.WhatisthemajorthreattoHawaiianMonkSeal?

A.Globalwarming.B.Lackoffood.

C.Naturalenemies.D.Habitatpollution.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostcriticallyendangeredspecies?

A.Vaquita.B.FinWhale.C.HumpbackWhale.D.HawaiianMonkSeal.

原句

DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard,theygatheroffthecoastin

northeasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggseveryyear.

譯文

它們分布在墨西哥灣和美國(guó)大西洋沿岸，每年都會(huì)聚集在墨西哥東北部海岸，成群結(jié)隊(duì)地上岸產(chǎn)卵.

分析

+一[主句：theygatheroffthecoastinnortheasternMexicoandcomeashoreinlargegroupstolayeggsevery

year]

I

+一[狀語(yǔ)：DistributedthroughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard]

+--[介詞短語(yǔ):throughouttheGulfofMexicoandU.S.Atlanticseaboard]

1.endangeredadj.瀕危的2.recognizableadj.可辨認(rèn)的

3.distributedadj.分布的4.seaboardn.海岸

5.ashoreadv.在岸上6.reptilen.爬行動(dòng)物

7.extinctionn.滅絕8.extensiveadj.廣泛的

9.estimaten.估計(jì)10.habitatn.棲息地

（二）

JosephDiturihasn'tseenthesunfortwofortnights.Andhewon'tseeitagainfbrmonths.SinceMarch1st,

theprofessorhasbeenunderwater,withthegoalofspending100daysthere-forscience.Ifsuccessful,hewillbreak

thecurrentworldrecordfortimespentlivingunderwater,whichwassetbytwoTennesseebiologistsin2014when

theystayedbeneaththesurfacefor73days.

Dituri,whohasbeennicknamed"Dr.DeepSea”,islivinginJules'UnderseaLodge（小屋）inKeyLargo,

Florida-thesameunderwatervenuewherethepreviousrecordwasset.The100-square-foothotel,whichsits30feet

belowthesurface,ishistemporaryhome,whereheiscarryingoutresearchandgivingvirtuallecturesforhis

studentsattheUniversityofSouthFlorida.

“Thehumanbodyhasneverbeenunderwaterthatlong,soIwillbemonitoredclosely/Diturisaid."This

studywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody,butmyhypothesis（彳發(fā)設(shè)）isthattherewillbe

improvementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure.^^Thishypothesiscomesfromastudythatindicated

potentiallypositiveeffectsofpressureexposureoncellgrowthandvitality（?舌力），andDiturihopesthathis

underwaterexperiencecouldrevealwaystocombatage-relateddiseasesandlengthenlifespan.

Aspartofhisresearch,Dituriisinvestigatingtheeffectsoflivinginahigh-pressureenvironmentfbran

extendedperiod.Tokeepwaterfromenteringthelodge,airmustconstantlybepumpedintothespacetocreatea

pressureabout1.6timeshigherthanthatoftheEarth?ssurface.Therefore,itcan'tbeachievedinhisownright.

Beforethejourney,Diturihadundergonepsychosocial,psychologicalandmedicaltests.Hecontinuesto

undergotestingduringandafterhis100daysatthelodge.ccThementalhealthpartofthisisimportant,becauseI'm

inanisolatedandlimitedenvironment,hesaid.

Beyondresearch,theprojectisalsoachancetocultivatechildren'senthusiasmfbrexploringthescience

field.Dituriinvitesabout40childrentostaywithhimfbr24hoursatatimeandteachthemtodive.Tohim,this

outreachiswhatmakesthewholeprojectworthit-morethanthechancefbraworldrecord.

4.WhatdoweknowaboutDituri'sexperimentfromthetext?

A.ItisscheduledtoendonJuly9th.

B.Ithasbeenonfbrnearlyamonth.

C.Itsaimisjusttobreaktheworldrecord.

D.ItisconductedwheretwoTennesseebiologistssettled.

5.WhatisDituri'sattitudetowardtheimpacttheincreasedpressurehasonhealth?

A.Doubtful.B.Cautious.C.Hopeful.D.Unclear.

6.WhichscenepossiblyhappensinthecourseofDituri9slivingunderwater?

A.Hepumpstheairintothelodge.B.Heinstructsinvitedchildrentodive.

C.Heanalyzeshisownpsychosocialtests.D.Heexperimentsinaspaciouslodge.

7.WhydoesDituriinvitechildrentoexperiencetheunderwaterlife?

A.Toarousetheireagernessforscience.B.Tocasehislonelinessandisolation.

C.Tosetaworldrecordatfullstretch.D.Toprovethevalueofhisexperience.

原句

Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody,butmyhypothesisisthattherewillbe

improvementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure.

譯文

這項(xiàng)研究將檢驗(yàn)這次潛水過(guò)程對(duì)我身體各方面的影響，但我假設(shè)由于增大的水壓，我的健康狀況會(huì)有所

改善。

分析

+--[主句：Thisstudywillexamineeverywaythisjourneyimpactsmybody]

I

+—[并歹!J句：butmyhypothesisisthattherewillbeimprovementstomyhealthduetotheincreased

pressure]

I

十一[賓語(yǔ)從句：thattherewillbeimprovementstomyhealthduetotheincreasedpressure]

I

+--[原因狀語(yǔ)：duetotheincreasedpressure]

1.fortnightn.兩星期2.underwateradj.在水下的

3.currentadj.目前的4.temporaryadj.臨時(shí)的

5.hypothesisn.假設(shè)6.combatv.與...戰(zhàn)斗

7.extendedadj.延長(zhǎng)的8.pressuren.壓力

9.isolatedadj.隔離的10.cultivatev.培養(yǎng)

（三）

Themalewesterntanager（唐納雀）lookslikealittleflame,whilefemalesarelessshowy,adustyyellow.In

thespring,theypreparetomovethousandsofmilestotheMountainWestofCentralAmerica,flyingthrough

grasslands,deserts,andoccasionally,suburbanyards.

Tofuelthemontheirlengthyjourney,westerntanagersfilluponinsectsandberries.Butasglobalclimate

changecausesspringtostartearlier,birdssuchaswesterntanagersarearrivingattheirdestinationafterwhafs

knownas"green-up”,whenflowersbeginbloomingandinsectsemerge.Accordingtoastudypublishedinearly

MarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrants（遷移動(dòng)物）andtheirfoodsources,

whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveseriousconsequencesformigratorybirds'survival."In

discussingclimatechange,weoftenfocusonwarming,saysScottLoss,aco-authorofthestudy.t6Butthelength

andtimingofseasons——likewhenwinterendsandspringbegins-aresomeofthemostdramaticeffectsof

climatechange.^^

Lossandhiscolleaguesusedsatelliteimageryfrom2002to2021tocalculatetheaveragestartofspring

green-upalongthetypicalmigrationroutesof150NorthAmericanbirdspecies,thencomparedthattimingwiththe

currentgreen-up.Theyfoundthatspringisindeedbeginningearlieralongbirds'migrationroutes.t6Bycontrary,

previousstudieshavemainlyfocusedonsongbirdsinEasternNorthAmerica,saysMorganTingley,an

ornithologistatUCLA,“butthisnewinvestigationshowsthatbirdspeciesintheWestandatdifferentlevelsofthe

foodwebmightbejustasvulnerable（脆弱的）

“Partofitisknowingwhichspeciesarevulnerabletovariousthreats,Losssays."Thisaddstothe

knowledgeaboutvulnerabilityofawiderangeofbirdspecies.^^Andhehopesthattheinformationwillserveto

highlighttheurgentneedtolowergreenhouse-gasemissionsasfastaspossible.a4Ifsreallyimportant,ifwecan't

addressclimatechangeimmediately,totrytostophabitatlossasmuchaswecan.^^

8.Whatmayposeadirectthreattowesterntanagers9survival?

A.Globalwarming.B.Thedurationofchangingseasons.

C.Lossofhabitatsduetohumanactivities.D.Decreasedaccesstofoodsduringmigration.

9.Whatisuniqueaboutthenewstudyonbirdslikewesterntanagers?

A.Itcoversawidergeographicrange.B.Itrevealsthedeclineinbirdpopulations.

C.Itcentersontheadaptationofbirdspecies.D.Itensurestheexistenceofatimingmismatch.

10.WhatdoesLosssuggestwedotosafeguardmigratorybirds?

A.Lessentheeffectsofclimatechange.B.Preserveecosystemsforbirdspecies.

C.Addressemissionsandhabitatloss.D.Expandresearchesonthreatstobirds.

11.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Ascientificjournal.B.Abird-watchingguidebook.

C.Awebsiteaboutclimatechange.D.Amagazineaboutwildlifeconservation.

原句

AccordingtoastudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS,thiskindoftimingmismatchbetween

migrants（遷移動(dòng)物）andtheirfoodsources,whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica,couldhaveserious

consequencesformigratorybirds'survival.

譯文

根據(jù)3月初發(fā)表在《美國(guó)科學(xué)院院刊》上的一項(xiàng)研究，這種遷移動(dòng)物和它們的食物來(lái)源之間的時(shí)間不匹

配，正在北美各地發(fā)生，可能會(huì)對(duì)候鳥(niǎo)的生存產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重后果。

分析

+--[主句:thiskindoftimingmismatchbetweenmigrantsandtheirfoodsourcescouldhaveserious

consequencesformigratorybirds'survival]

I

+--[狀語(yǔ)：AccordingtoastudypublishedinearlyMarchinthejournalPNAS]

I

+一[定語(yǔ)從句：whichishappeningacrossNorthAmerica]

+--[先行詞：timingmismatch]

HE??

1.migratev.遷移2.suburbanadj.交B區(qū)的

3.fuelv.加燃料4.1engthyadj.長(zhǎng)期的

5.mismatchn.不匹配6.dramaticadj.顯著的

7.satelliteimageryn.衛(wèi)星圖像8.ornithologistn.鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)家

9.vulnerabilityn.脆弱性10.greenhouse-gasn.溫室氣體

（四）

Cutintothetrunkofapinetree,andyouwillseeafamiliarseriesofconcentric（同中心'的）rings.Butnotall

trunkstellthesamestory.AstudypublishedinNovemberrevealsthattheworld'soldesttreeshadaverydifferent

structure.

Some370millionyearsago,cladoxylopsidtreesstoodatleasteightmeterstall,coveredbybranchesinstead

ofleaves.Todaytheirrareremainsreveallittleabouttheirinsides;inmostcasestheirinnerstructureshadrotted

beforethetreesfossilize,andstormshadfilledthemwithsand.Buttherecentfindoftwowell-preservedfossilsin

Chinahasexposedthetrees9innerworkings-whicharelikenootherspeciesstudiedbefore.

Thecladoxylopsidtreewasemptyinside.Aroundtheedgeswerethick,verticalstrands（縷）containing

xylem（木質(zhì)部），aplanttissuethatconductswaterandmineralsaltsfromtherootstoallotherparts.Modemtrees

addnewlayersofmultiplexylemastheygrow,creatingawoodytrunkwithasinglesetofconcentricrings.Butin

cladoxylopsids,"eachstrandofxylemhaditsowngrowthrings,“saysscientistChristopherM.BerryofCardiff

UniversityinWales.

Overatree9slifetimethestrandswouldweaveandcross."It'sjustincrediblycomplex,Berrysays.He

likensthesenetworksofflexibletissuesandstructurestotheEiffelTower-iftowercouldgrow,extendandsplit

itselfapartovertime.

Althoughthecladoxylopsidtreehasnolivingdescendantstoday,itisveryimportant.Brigitte

Meyer-Berthaud,ascientist,explainsthatthesetreeswereamong“themajorcarbonreservoirsofthePaleozoic”,a

timeperiodfrom542millionto251millionyearsago.Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanefsfirstforests,capturing

carbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartinadjustingEarth9sclimate.Giventhisfact,maybeweshouldstudy

thesetreesfortheforests.

12.Whatmakesithardtostudycladoxylopsidtrees?

A.Theirthickleaves.B.Theiramazingheight.

C.Theirpoorlypreservedremains.D.Theirfossilizedinnerstructures.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutcladoxylopsidtrees?

A.Theyhadmanyseparategrowthrings.

B.Theirsolidcorescontributedtotheirgrowth.

C.Theyhadasinglesetofregularconcentricrings.

D.Theirrootsneededmoremineralsaltsthanwater.

14.Whydoestheauthormention“theEiffelTower“inparagraph4?

A.TostressthebeautyoftheEiffelTower.

B.Toprovetheeconomicstatusofthetree.

C.Todisclosehowlimitedthetree9slifetimeis.

D.Toshowhowcomplexthetree'snetworksare.

15.Whyshouldwestudycladoxylopsidtrees?

A.TheyweretheonlytreespresentduringthePaleozoicera.

B.Theyhelpedscientistsbetterprotectrichhistoricalculture.

C.TheyplayedasignificantroleinshapingtheEarthasitis.

D.TheydeterminedthecarboncontentintheEarth?satmosphere.

?。1@。?I

原句

Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanet'sfirstforests,capturingcarbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartin

adjustingEarth?sclimate.

譯文

克拉多枝木樹(shù)成為了地球上的第一批森林，它們從大氣中吸收碳，并在調(diào)節(jié)地球氣候方面發(fā)揮了作用。

分析

+--[主句：Cladoxylopsidsmadeupourplanet5sfirstforests]

+--[伴隨狀語(yǔ)：capturingcarbonfromtheatmosphereandplayingapartinadjustingEarth'sclimate]

HE??

1.concentricadj.同中心的2.revealv.揭示

3.cladoxylopsidn.枝蕨類(lèi)植物4.fossilizev.使成化石

5.preservedadj.保存完好的6.exposev.暴露

7.conductv.傳導(dǎo)8.mineralsaltn.礦物鹽

9.layern.層lO.reservoirn.儲(chǔ)存

（五）

Astheseasonsarestartingtochangearoundtheworld,theanimalkingdomisonthemove.Animal

migrationisoneofnature*sgreatwonders,buthowdoanimalsknowwhenitistimetosetoffontheirjourney,or

wheretheyneedtogo?Oncethey'veworkedouttheirdestination,howdotheyknowhowtogetthere?16.

Migrationisabehavioralpatternwhereanimalstravelfromonehabitattoanotherinsearchofsomething.It

happensseasonally,andusuallyinvolvesareturnjourney.Thesejourneyscanbebyland,seaorair.17.

Animalslikegazelles,wildebeestsandzebrasmigrateinhugeherdsduringdryseasonstolookforfreshgrasstoeat

andwatertodrink.

Animalsalsomigratebecauseoftheweather.Around50birdspeciesleavetheUKeachwintertoavoidthe

cold.18.They'reeithersearchingforamate,lookingforsomewheretolaytheireggsorfindingthebest

placetoraisetheiryoung.Forexample,humpbackwhalestraveltowarmerwaterseachwintertoraisetheircalves.

19,buthowdotheyknowwhenitistimetoheadoff?Forthosewhomigratetolookforsomething

toeat,scientiststhinkshortagesoffoodcouldbeasignthatit'stimetobegintheirjourney.Othersmightbeableto

recognizewhenwinteriscomingbecausetheycanseethatthedaysaregettingshorter.

Sohowdotheyknowwheretogo?Someusethestarsandthesuntohelpthemnavigatewhileothersrelyon

landmarkslikeriversandmountainstoshowthemwheretheyare.20.Wildebeestsarethoughttofollow

thesmellofrain.

A.Belowaresomewaystheygetthere

B.Animalshavetheirreasonsformigrating

C.Scientistshavebeenpuzzledbythesequestionsformanyyears

D.Ifsalsopossibleforanimalstosnifftheirwaytotheirdestination

E,SomebirdstraveltotheUKtoescapeextremecoldfurthernorth

F.Oneofthemainreasonsbehindanimalmigrationisthesearchforfood

G.Forsomeanimals,it'stheneedtoreproducethatsendsthemontheirjourney

HE??

1.behavioraladj.行為的2.patternn,模式

3.seasonaladj.季節(jié)性的4.herdn.獸群

5.navigatev.導(dǎo)航6.landmarkn.地標(biāo)

7.extremeadj.極端的8.puzzledadj.困惑的

9.reproducev.繁殖lO.destinationn.目的地

（六）

Iwasalwaysinterestedinbiology.However,itwasn'tuntilIsawa21aboutcavedivinginsenior

highschool,inwhichIwatcheddiverspassbyurchins（海月旦）,thatIrealizedIwantedto22caveanimals.

Thevideodidn'tmentionthe23inthoseunderwaterhouses,butI24theymustbethere.More

thanjustnamingthem,Iwantedtolearnabouttheir25,whichmeantIneededtostudythemintheir_

26habitat.

Cavedivingrequiresspecial27.InthisphototakenduringasamplingtripinMarchinBelize,you

canseethatIwascarryinglightsandnavigationtools,andbringingextraairtanks.Iwasusinganetandtesttubes

tocollecttinyandnearly28animalsfloatinginthewater.Sincethen,I'vecometo29thatcaves

arefulloflife:shrimps,seastarsandurchins,all30thelow-lightenvironments.

Althoughunderwatercavesmightseemfarremovedfromsurfaceenvironments,researchhasshownthat

theseworldsare31inmanyways.Ifpollutantsgetunderground,theycan32affectmany

ecosystems.

Thecaveecosystemissufferingfromclimatechange.Ifwedidn'ttakeactionto33these

amazingcaves,theycouldbegonebeforewehavethe34tofullyunderstandthem.Andeverythingthat

makesthemuniquewould35,too.

21.A.filmB.storyC.paperD.book

22.A.adoptB.feedC.rescueD.study

23.A.cavesB.creaturesC.viewsD.divers

24.A.believedB.dreamedC.doubtedD.disagreed

25.A.photosB.ecologyC.namesD.news

26.A.artificialB.shallowC.modernD.natural

27.A.timeB.equipmentC.informationD.space

28.A.starvingB.valuableC.invisibleD.dying

29.A.denyB.promiseC.learnD.imagine

30.A.adaptingtoB.appealingtoC.breakingupD.clearingup

31.A.createdB.mirroredC.linkedD.interpreted

32.A.suddenlyB.barelyC.originallyD.negatively

33.A.conserveB.exploreC.decorateD.construct

34.A.permissionB.desireC.decisionD.chance

35.A.happenB.returnC.disappearD.begin

1.biologyn.生物學(xué)2.cavedivingn.洞穴潛水

3.urchinn.海膽4.navigationn.導(dǎo)航

5.ecosystemn.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)6.pollutantn.污染物

7.equipmentn.設(shè)備8.ecologyn.生態(tài)

9.negativelyadv.消極地lO.conservev.保護(hù)

高考真題演練

（一）

（2024,全國(guó)甲卷）Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimals

havedistinctvocals（聲音）thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookfor

shelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentire

conversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou*reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowing

toattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedand

softmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbe

fed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassess

theirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplace

torelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.

Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.

Thafswhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon*t

usuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswill

findrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthafsbeenpresentinallkinds

ofpredators（食肉動(dòng)物）.Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersare

justdoingsomethingthatifsbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats1meowingfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sasurvivalskill.B.It'staughtbymothercats.

C.It'shardtointerpret.D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.

2.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?

A.Bylisteningforsounds.B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.

C.Bycheckingonsmells.D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.

3.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?

A.Performappropriately.B.Movefaster.C.Actstrangely.D.Dobetter.

4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

（二）

（2023?全國(guó)乙卷）Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaysthey

aretheunsungheroeso