四

地老虎防控綠色防控

IVGreenPreventionandControlofCutworm

（一）種類

Category地老虎是鱗翅目夜蛾科的幼蟲，別名切根蟲、夜盜蟲、土蠶等，是我國重要的地下害蟲之一。我國記載的地老虎中發(fā)生量較多、危害較大的有小地老虎、大地老虎、黃地老虎。ThecutwormisalarvaoftheNoctuidaefamilyofLepidoptera,alsoknownascutworm,nightrobber,andnativesilkworm.ItisoneoftheimportantundergroundpestsinChina.AmongthecutwormsrecordedinChina,smallcutworms,largecutworms,andyellowcutwormsoccurinlargequantitiesandcausegreatharm.地老虎幼蟲食性很雜，危害大豆、玉米、蔬菜等多種作物，白天伏于土中，夜晚出土危害，危害特點是將莖基部咬斷，常造成作物嚴(yán)重缺苗，甚至毀種。ThecutwormisalarvaoftheNoctuidaefamilyofLepidoptera,alsoknownascutworm,nightrobber,andnativesilkworm.ItisoneoftheimportantundergroundpestsinChina.AmongthecutwormsrecordedinChina,smallcutworms,largecutworms,andyellowcutwormsoccurinlargequantitiesandcausegreatharm.小地老虎Smallcutworm

幼蟲3齡前食葉片呈孔洞和缺刻，4齡后白天入土，夜間取食近地面的根莖部。造成缺苗斷壟。

Thelarvaefeedonleaveswithholesandnotchesbeforethe3rdinstar,enterthesoilduringthedayafterthe4thinstar,andfeedonrootsnearthegroundatnight.Resultinginshortageofseedlings.小地老虎

Smallcutworm（二）發(fā)生規(guī)律

Occurrencelaw

成蟲：強烈的趨光性、趨化性（蛾子在羽化不久即有明顯的趨食糖蜜和發(fā)酵物的習(xí)性。糖醋酒液誘殺成蟲）。

Imagoes:strongphototaxis,chemotaxis(mothshaveadistincthabitofeatingmolassesandfermentationshortlyaftereclosion.Sweetandsourwinecanbeusedtotrapandkillimagoes).卵：散產(chǎn)，前期在小草（灰菜、小薊）上，后期在近地面的葉片和嫩莖上，800-1000粒/雌

Eggs:laidinscatteredmanners,ongrasses(gray,thistle)intheearlystageandonleavesandtenderstemsnearthegroundinthelatestage,800-1,000pcs/female幼蟲：假死性、3齡后白天入土

Larvae:suspended,enteringthesoilduringthedayafterthe3rdinstar

小地老虎：喜溫濕、怕寒冷。適溫范圍為13～25℃。在低于5℃的溫度下，幼蟲經(jīng)2h全部死亡，所以在北方地區(qū)不能越冬。因此，在各地猖獗危害的世代多為第一代。

Smallcutworm:Itpreferswarmthandhumidityratherthancold.Thesuitabletemperaturerangeis13~25°C.Atthetemperaturebelow5°C,alllarvaediewithin2h,sotheycannotoverwinterinnorthernChina.Therefore,mostofthegenerationswithrampanthazardsarethefirstgeneration.

栽培管理：田間雜草的有無與地老虎的發(fā)生危害關(guān)系密切。地老虎喜在小薊、小旋花、鐵莧菜和灰菜等雜草上產(chǎn)卵，因此，田間雜草多，蟲口密度就大，受害就重。作物定植期與3齡以上幼蟲期吻合，受害重。

Cultivationmanagement:Thepresenceorabsenceofweedsinthefieldiscloselyrelatedtotheoccurrenceandharmofcutworms.Thecutwormlikestoovipositonweedssuchasthistle,convolvulus,amaranth,andgraycabbage.Therefore,iftherearemanyweedsinthefield,thepopulationdensitywillbehighandtheharmwillbeserious.Thefieldplantingperiodofthecropcoincideswiththelarvalstageofabove3rdinstar,indicatingseriousharm.（三）

防治技術(shù)

（1）誘殺：黑光燈、糖醋液、性誘劑誘殺成蟲糖3+醋4+白酒1+水2+0.1%敵敵畏（敵百蟲）（2）農(nóng)業(yè)防治：鏟除雜草、深耕細耙（3）人工捕捉幼蟲（4）化學(xué)防治：噴霧：10%高效氯氰菊酯3000-4000倍5%銳勁特懸浮劑2000倍毒土：2.5%敵百蟲粉3-4斤+細土20斤，新葉和地面毒餌：麥麩、鮮草切碎，30-40斤+90%敵百蟲0.5斤

(III)Controltechnology(1)Trappingandkilling:Blacklightlamp,sweetandsourliquidandsexattractantsareusedtotrapandkillimagoesSugar3+vinegar4+liquor1+water2+0.1%dichlorvos(trichlorfon)(2)Agriculturalcontrol:weedsremoval,deeptillageandfineharrowing(3)Manualcaptureoflarvae(4)Chemicalcontrol:Spray:10%beta-cypermethrin3,000-4,000times5%regentsuspensionconcentrate2,000timesToxicsoil: