OxfordversionofEnglishnonpredicateverbscourOverviewofNonfineVerbsTheTenseandVoiceofNonfineVerbsExamplesofusageofnonfineverbsSpecialusageofnonfineverbsPracticeandconsolidationOverviewofNonfineVerbs01Nonfiniteverbsareverbsthatdonothaveafiniteform,meaningtheydonotexpresstense,person,ornumberTheyareusedtocreatepartialorinfinitivephrasesthatmodifyorcompletethemainverborclauseDefinitionNonfineverbsaredividedintotwocategories:thepresentparticleandthepastparticleThepresentparticleendsin"-ing"andindicatesanactioninprogress,whilethepastparticleisformedbyadding"-ed"or"-en"andindicatesanactionthathasbeencompletedClassificationDefinitionandclassificationFunctionNonfiniteverbsserveavarietyoffunctionsinEnglishgrammarTheycanbeusedasobjectionstodescribenouns,asadvisorstomodifyverbs,orasindependentclaimsexpressingconditions,objectives,orresults要點一要點二UsageNonfiniteverbsarecommonlyusedinavarietyofpresencestructures,includingcomplexsenseswithdependentclauses,parallelstructures,andtransitionalphrasesTheyhelptocreatearich,moreexpressivelanguagethataddsdepthandclaritytowrittenandspokencommunicationFunctionandUsageWhenusingnon-financialverbs,itisimportanttoplacetheaccountonthecorrectsyntaxForexample,thepresentparticle"running"hastheaccountonthefirstsellable,whilethepastparticle"running"hastheaccountonthesecondsellableNonfiniteverbscanbechallengingtospellandpromotecorrectlyItisimportanttopracticeandfamiliarizeyourselfwithcommonmissesandfeasiblewordstoavoiderrorsinwritingandspeakingWhenusingnon-financialverbswithnounsorpronouns,itisessentialtomaintainagraphicalagreementForexample,"Thecatissittingonthemat"shouldbe"Thecatsaresittingonthemats."AccountSpellingandPronunciationGrammarAgreementMattersNeedingAttentionTheTenseandVoiceofNonfineVerbs02Nonfiniteverbsarethatdonotexpressacompletethoughtandarenotfinite(i.e.,theydonotexpressatimereference)TheyareformedbyaddingendingstothestemoftheverbNonfiniteverbsincludeinfinities,particles,andgerundsGeneralformulaTheprogressiveaspectexpressionsanactionthatisongingorinprogressTheprogressiveaspectcanbeusedinalltensions,butitemphasizesthedurationoftheactioncomparedtoitscompletionItisformedbycombiningthepresentparticle(i.e.,the"-ing"formoftheverb)withtheauxiliary"be"(e.g.,"Iamrunning,""Shewaseating")Progressiveaspect

PerfectThepositiveaspectisusedtoexpressanactionthathasbeencompletedItisformedbyusingtheauxiliary"have"withthepastparticleoftheverb(e.g.,"Ihaverun,""Theyhaveeaten")Thepositiveaspectiscommonlyusedinformalwritingandspeech,anditisalsofoundincasespeechandwritingThepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhenthefocusofthepresenceisontherecipientoftheactioncomparedtotheperformerThepassivevoiceisusedwhenthesubjectofthepresenceisreceivingtheactioncomparedtoperformingitItisformedbyusingtheauxiliary"be"withthepastparticleoftheverb(e.g.,"Shewasalivebytheshark,""Thehousewasbuiltin1920")PassiveExamplesofusageofnonfineverbs03TohaveTheideaistohaveapartyBeThebestthingwouldbetogooutAsthesubjectIsawthemanwhoyoudescribedSheisthepersonwithwhomIstudiedWhomIamhappy(adj)tohearthatSheleftearly,feelingtired(adj)Adj0102AsanattributiveThisisthepersonresponsible(forthemiss)ThebookthatIreadwasveryinterestingIwillbehappytohelpwhen(time)youneeditShelefttheroomquietly(ADV)AsanadvisorySpecialusageofnonfineverbs04Nonfiniteverbscanbeusedasadvertisementstoprovideadditionalinformationaboutthemanofanaction,oftenfollowingamainverbSummary"Shesprintedacrossthefinishline,cryingoutinpregnancy."Inthisexample,"cryingout"isanon-financialverbusedasanadvisorytodescribehowtheactionofsprintingwasdoneExampleAdverbialwithguidingmanualVSAnon-financialverbcanbeusedinanabsolutestructure,whereitisseparatedfromtherestofthepresencebyacommaoracolorExample"Thesunshiningbrightly,wedecidedtohaveapicinthepark."Inthissense,"shiningbrightly"isanabsolutestructureusingthenon-financialverb"toshine."SummaryAbsolutestructureSummaryNonfiniteverbscanbeusedinthesubcriticalmoodtoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionscontemporarytofactExample"Ifhewastowinthelotus,hewouldbuyanewcar."Inthissense,"weretowin"isanon-financialverbinthesubjunctionmoodexpressingathematicsituationNonfineverbsinsubjunctionmoodPracticeandconsolidation05MultiplechoicequestionsareacommontypeofquestionusedtoassessunderstandingandretentionofknowledgeTheyprovidestudentswithasetofoptionsandtheymustchoosethecorrectanswerMultiplechoicequestionsareanExcelwaytoassessstudents'understandingofnonpredictiveverbsTheycanrangefrombasicrecognitiontomorecomplexunderstandingoftheusageandmeaningoftheseverbsSummaryDescriptionMultipleChoiceQuestionsCompletionCompletiontasksrequirestudentstofillintheblankswiththeappropriateformofaverbSummaryFornonpredictiveverbs,completiontaskscanfocusonhelpingstudents