2021年高考英語一輪復習考點掃描14解析版

Book3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

?基礎盤點?自測自評?

快速排查本模塊閱讀詞匯并在不認識的詞匯前劃4

閱

□1.povertyn.貧窮□2,householdn.一家人；家庭DS-homelessadj.無家可歸的

讀

□4.charityn.慈善團體；慈善（行為）□5.freewayn.高速公路□6.inhabitantn.居民

單

詞□7.tourismn.旅游業DS-vastadj.巨大的；龐大的；浩瀚的D9.entertainmentn.娛樂

1.incomen.收入2.humann.（與動物等對比的）人3.measurevt.測定；測量；評估

4.goaln.目標5.positionn.位置6.figuren.數字

核

7.smartadj.漂亮的；整潔的：時髦的8.exchangen.交換

【會應用】根據漢語提示完成下列各句

心

l.Thegovernmentwilltakemeasures（措施）tohelpcollegegraduatestofindjobsin2020.

單2.Oneofhergoals（目標）istogetthefirstplaceinthecomingexamination.

3.Inmyopinion,peopleonhighincomesA）shouldpaymoretaxes.

詞

4.1shookhandsandexchanged（交換）afewwordswiththemanagerafterthemeeting.

5.Thesefigures（數字）showanincreaseofoveronemillioninunemploymentthisyear.

1.hungern.饑餓-hungryadj.饑餓的

2.developv.發展—developmentn.發展—developingadi.發展中的一》developedadj.發達的

重

3e.ducatevt.教育；培養；訓練—educationn.教育

4.crowdn.人群—crowdedadj.擁擠的

點

5.similaradj.相似的similarlyadv.相似地—similarilyn.類似；相似

6.fortunateadj.幸運的—?unfortimateadj.不幸的；遺憾的—unfortunatelyadv.不幸地

詞

-^fortunatelyadv.幸運地tfortunen.運氣；財富

拓

7.1ocatevt.使坐落于—localionn.位置；所在地—locatedadj.位于

匯

8t.ransportn.交通工具—》transportationn.交通；運輸

9.industryn.工業—industrialadj.工業的

掃展IQ.pollutev.污染ipollutedadi.受到污染的—pollutionn.污染

【語境活用】用所給詞的適當形式填空

描l.Thetwopicturesaresimilarandifseasytofindmanysimilariliesbetweenthem.Similarly,youcan

單alsofindsomedifferences.(similar)

2.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,people'slivesarebecomingbetterandbetter.However,Chinais

differentfromAmerica,whichisadevelopedcountry.ChinaisstilladeveloDingcountry.Therefore,we

詞shouldstudyhardtomakeourcountrymorepowerful.(develop)

3.Itwasunfortunatetobecaughtintherain.Evenunfortunately,wecouldn'tfindanyonetohelpus.At

lastwetriedourfortunetofindashortcut.Fortunately,wearrivedhomebeforedark.Sowewerealso

fortunate,(fortunate)

4.Theriverinmyhometownhasbeenpollutedbythewastefromsomelocalfactories.Thepolluted

waterhasdestroyedthecropsandcausedmanydiseases,sothepublicarestronglycallingonthe

governmenttostopthefactoriespollutingthewaterandtakemeasurestodealwiththepollution.

(pollute)

l.upto達；直到；由……決定【語境活用】用左欄短語的適當形式填空

c1￡后”1.uptonow到現在

2.atthetopof頂廂r

2.atthetopofamountain山頂

重3.atthebottomof底部...-KE/月*、M

3.aithebottomofthepage頁面的底部

4.makeefforts努力4.makeeffortstoimprovemyEnglish力提高我的

點

5.makeprogress取得進步央詒水平

5.makeprogressinEnglish英語上取得進步

短

6.beconnectedwith有聯系；與有關..」」.?.

6.takemeasurestoprotectendangeredanimals取

7.becloseto接近；靠近措施保護瀕危動物

語

,、，e口7.thediscussionconnectedwiththeincident事件

8.takemeasures米取措施

有關的討論

9.inparticular尤其；特別

句型1：while用作并列連詞，表示對比或相反的［句型仿寫］

情況我從來不是一個很愛整潔的人，而我的室友凱特

［教材原句］Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whilethe卻極有條理。

USisatnumber7.挪威高居榜首，而美國則排在Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKate

第七。wasextremelyorganized.

重句型2：主語+be+形容詞+todo［句型仿寫］

［教材原句］However,inotherregionsoftheworld,在很多人看來，盡管那家公司相對來說較小，人

點e.g.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafeto們卻能夠與之愉快合作。

drink.Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompany,though

句然而，在世界的其他地區，比如東歐，現在水大relativelysmall,ispleasanttodealwith.

多喝起來很安全。

式句型3：“beof+抽象名詞”可用來描述人或事物的［句型仿寫］

特征這兩個學生年齡相同，但身高不同。

［教材原句］It'sanagreementbetweentownsorThoughthetwostudentsareofihesameage,they

citiesofsimilarsizeandage...areofdifferentheights.

這是大小和歷史相似的城鎮或城市之間的一份協

議……

Part1Part2

Becauseoflittleincome,upto10%ofthepeopleinLiMeididwellinthemidtermexam,whileLi

thiscitylivedbelowthepovertyline.TheyhadaHua,herbrother,didpoorlyandfelt

知

stronghungerforabetterlife.ThenLiHuaheldthedisappointed.Inordertocheerhimup,LiMei

識

主positionofmayorinthecity.Hefiguredthattherealdecidedtotakehimtogetclosetonature.Onthe

線povertyisnotmoneybutignorance,soherequiredway,sheexchangedherthoughtswithLiHua.She

串thegovernmenttotakemeasurestodeveloptoldhimthathecouldmakegreatprogressby

記

educationtomakesurethatallthechildrenaremakingefforts.Finally,LiHuafollowedher

educated.adviceanddidverywellinthenextexam.

拓1.后綴-less形容詞大觀園2.trans?開頭高;頃詞全接觸3.-ed結尾形容詞薈萃

①homeless無家可歸的?transportn.5漪工具①crowded擁擠的

展

②hopeless無望的?transportationn.運輸②polluted受到污染的

速

③breathless氣喘吁吁的?transplantv.移植③skilled熟練的

?endless無休止的?transferv.運送?experienced有經驗的

記

⑤countless數不清的?transformv.改造⑤talenled/gifted有才能的

?sleepless不眠的?transmitv.它i輸?limited有限的

?隨堂檢測?基礎過關?

L單句語法填空

1.Nowmanyparentschoosetogettheirchildreneducated(educate)athomeratherthanatschool.

2.Weareinadifficultpositioninthatwehavenobodyproperlyqualifiedforthiswork.

3.MyfatherwarnedmeagainstgoingtoBeijingduringNationalDaybecauseitwascrowded(crowd)withtourists.

4.Godgaveusthegiftoflife;itisuptoustogive(give)ourselvesthegiftoflivingwell.

5.IhavenoideawhetherthebookisofgreathelptoyourEnglishstudy.

6.Thisactivitynotonlygaveusachancetogetclosetonature,butalsogaveusrelaxationfromourstudy.

7.What'sthepoint,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeanefforttohelp(help)himself?

8.Exchangeyourideawithyourpartnerandthenwriteitdown.

9.Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.

10.IhavetroubleunderstandingEnglishhumour.Moreoftenthannot,Ican'tfigureoutwhatitisthatmakesthem

laugh.

IL單句改錯

1.Readingisagoodhabit.Sticktoitandyou'llmakeagreatprogress.去掉第二個a

2.Theaimoftheprojectistocleanupthepollutinglandassoonaspossible.polluting—polluted

3.Whenstandingattopofthehill,youwillbeamazedatthebeautifulsceneryofthecity.在第一一個at后加the

4.Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuretobringdownthehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable.

measure—?measures

5.Thiscompanyhaslaunchedseveraltypesofcarsthisyear,andoneinparticularlyappealstotheyoung.

particularly一particular

in.課文里的高考根據課文內容，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。

Oneofthemostimportant1.sections(section)oftheHumanDevelopmentReportistheHumanDevelopment

Index,which2.measures(measure)acountry'sachievements3.inthreeways:lifeexpectancy,educationand

income.TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,4.whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.

Thisreportgivesexamplesof5.successful(success)development.Forexample,inthelasttenyearsinChina,

150millionpeoplehavemovedoutof6.〉ovnrty(poor).7.However,thechallengesarestillgreat.Althoughmostof

thechildrenin8,developing(develop)countriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenot9.being

educated(educate).ThereportshowsthatwearemakingprogressbutthatweneedtomakelO.greater(great)

efforts.

HL話題中的寫作

development,household,income,poverty,tourism,takemeasures,makeefforts,fortunately,educate

1.補全要點句（“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的詞語）

①隨著經濟的發展，大多數人的生活水平提高了。

Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,mostpeople'slivingstandardhasrisen.

②這個地區中的一些家庭收入仍然很低，生活在貧困中。

Inthisregionsomehouseholdsstillhavealowincomeandliveinpoverty.

③幸運的是，政府正在采取措施改變他們的生活。

Fortunately,thegovernmentistakingmeasurestochangetheirlife.

④他們認為教育很重要并且所有的孩子都應該接受教育。

TheythinkeducationisveryimportantandallthechildrenshouldbeeducateD.

⑤政府正在努力提高經濟發展水平，例如，發展旅游業。

Thegovernmentismakingeffortstoimprovethedevelopmentofeconomy,forexample,developingthe

tourism.

2.升級平淡句

①用while作并列連詞合并句①和句②

Withthedevelopmentofeconomymostpeople'slivingstandardhasrisen、whileinthisregionsome

householdsstillhavealowincomeandliveinpoverty.

②用“of+名詞''改寫句④

Theythinkeducationisofgreatimportanceandallthechildrenshouldbeeducated.

3.銜接成語篇（注意使用適當的過渡銜接詞匯：first,second）

Withthedevelopmentofeconomymostpeople'slivingstandardhasrisen、whileinthisregionsome

householdsstillhavealowincomeandliveinpoverty.Fortunately,thegovernmentistakingmeasurestochange

Iheirlife.First,IheyIhinkeducationisofgreatimportanceandallihechildrenshouldbeeducaled.Second,the

govemmentismakingeffortsloimprovethedevelopmenlofeconomy,forexample,developingthelourism.

?課后達標檢測?

I.短文語法填空

AreportsaysaboutfiftymilliontoseventymillionAmericanshavesleepproblems.Itsaysmanymoreare

sufferingfromlackofsleep.

Astudyhasexamined1.weneedsleepandtheeffectsofsleeploss.Thestudyshows

Americanbusinesseslosemillionsofdollarsayearbecauseoftiredworkers.Some2.

(employ)aretootiredtoreportforwork.Theyhavemoreaccidentsorare3.(little)productiveat

work.Othercostsincludeincreasedvisits4.doctors.

Thestudyfindsthat20%ofinjuries5.(cause)bycaraccidentsarelinkedtosleepydrivers.

Otherstudieshavelinkedpoorsleeptoariskofhealthproblemslikeheartdisease,depressionand

6.(healthy)amountsofbodyfat.Researcherssaythereasonforthislinkisunclear.

Manyexpertssay7.largeamountofsleepisasimportanttohealthasdietandexercise.They

saymostpeopleneedseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.Lessthanthatcaninfluence8.mental

andphysicalabilities.Itcanleadtomoreseriousproblems,includingseveresleeplessness.Peoplewiththis

conditiontemporarilystop9.

(breathe)whiletheysleep.

Researcherssuggestthepublic10.(inform)oftheproblemandtakestepstopreventsleep

disorders.

【解題導語】充足的睡眠同飲食和健康一樣重要。本文主要介紹了睡眠不足造成的影響及研究人員建議公

眾采取措施解決睡眠不足這一問題。

1.why解析：考查賓語從句。一項研究分析了為什么我們需要睡眠以及缺乏睡眠的影響。分析句子

結構可知，空處引導賓語從句且從句中缺少原因狀語，故填why。

2.employees解析：考查名詞。根據空前的Some可知，空處應用名詞復數。someemployees“一些員

工"。employee”雇員,雇工“；employer"雇主,老板“。根據語境可知，空處應填employees。

3.less解析：考查形容詞的比較級。工作中，睡眠不足的雇員會遇到更多的事故且效率較低。根據

空前的more可知，此處應用形容詞的比較級。

4.to解析：考查介詞。空前的visits為名詞復數，其后常用介詞to。

5.caused解析：考查非謂語動詞。cause和它所修飾的名詞injuries之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，此處

表示“由汽車事故造成的傷害“，故用caused作后置定語。

6.unhealthy解析：考查形容詞。其他研究已經把睡眠質量差與患心臟病、抑郁和不健康的體內脂肪

含量等這樣的健康問題的風險聯系了起來。空處修飾名詞amounts且和depression意義相近，故填unhealthy?

7.a解析：考查冠詞。alargeamountof是固定搭配，意為“大量，許多”，用來修飾不可數名詞。

8.both/their解析：考查代詞。少于這個時間會影響身心能力。both與后面的and構成固定搭配，意、

為“不僅而且或結合上文中的“mostpeople”可知，此處也可用their修飾后面的名詞abilities,表

示“他們的身心能力”。

9.breathing解析：考查非謂語動詞。stopdoingsth.“停止做某事“，為固定用法。故填breathing。

10.(should)beinformed解析：考查虛擬語氣和語態。suggest表示“建議”，后跟賓語從句時從句中

要用虛擬語氣，即從句中的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，且should可以省略。另外，thepublic與動詞

inform之間是被動關系，故用其被動形式，因此填(should)beinformedo

II.閱讀理解

Povertyhasbeentroublingtheworld.In2016,thenumberofhungrypeopleintheworldreachedonebillion

forthefirsttime.Ifsdifficultnottobeshockedbythefactthatmorethanoneinsevenpeopleintheworlddonot

haveenoughtoeat.

TheU.N.figuresthatalmosttwothirdsoftheworld'shungrypeopleareinAsia,whichisofcoursethe

world'smostpopulouscontinent.Morethanaquarterareinsub-SaharanAfrica.Althoughthisplacehasamuch

lowerpopulationthanAsia,ithasthehighestpercentageofhungrypeople.AlmostalloftherestareinLatin

America,NorthAfricaandtheCaribbean.

Therearemanyreasonsforworldhunger.Theyincludewars,droughts,floods,andtheoveruseoffarmland.

Allthesefactorsaffectfoodproduction.Manypeoplealsoblamegreedybusinessmenforpushingupthepricesof

basicfoodsintheglobalmarket.Infact,manypeoplearestarvingjustbecausethey'repoor.Therefore,themost

importantreason,quitesimply,ispoverty.Ifwecan'tpulloutthisroot,we'llneverbeabletosolvefoodshortage.

Althoughmanypeoplemaketheobviouspointthattherewouldbelesshungeriftheglobalpopulationwere

smaller,fewpeoplewouldarguethatthereisnotenoughfoodtogoaround.Thebasicproblemseemstobenota

lackoffood,butitsdistribution.Inthelast50years,globalfoodproductionhasrisenevenmorequicklythanthe

globalpopulation.

Therearemanyareasoftheworldinwhichpeoplegenerallyhavemorethanenoughfood.Inthoseplaces,

beingoverweightisafarbiggerproblemthanhunger.Theanswertoworldhunger,therefore,maybeabalanced

fooddistributionaroundthewholeworld.Everyonewillhaveenoughtoeat,butnottoovereat.

1.Whichcontinenthasthehighestrateofhungrypeople?

A.Asia.B.Africa.

C.America.D.Europe.

2.Theunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans?

A.thefactofhavingmanydroughts

B.thereasonforsufferingmanyfloods

C.thestateofbeingpoor

D.badluckbroughtbywars

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,resultsinthepoverty.

A.notenoughproduction

B.slowgrowthoffood

C.consumingtoomuchfood

D.imbalanceoffooddistribution

4.Maybetheauthorwouldwriteaboutiftherewereasixthparagraph.

A.howtomakefooddistributionbalanced

B?whentogetridofworldhungerthoroughly

C.whoistoblamefortheworldhunger

D.whattodotohelpthehungrypeople

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界饑餓的現狀以及導致饑餓的原因。

1.B解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Morethan...Althoughthisplacehasamuchlowerpopulation

thanAsia,ithasthehighestpercentageofhungrypeople.”的描述可知，非洲大陸有著最高的饑餓率。

2.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據上文“Therefore,themostimportantreason,quitesimply,ispoverty.”的描述

可知，畫線詞指貧窮的狀態。

3.D解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段第三句的描述可推知，是食物分配不平衡導致貧困的。

4.A解析：文章結構題。根據最后一段中的“In由oseplaces,beingoverweightisafarbigger

problem...aroundthewholeworld.”的描述可知，也許作者接下來會寫如何使食物分配平衡。

III,閱讀七選五

DoesYourMoodChangewiththeSeasons?

Somepeoplefindthatwhenthetemperaturegoesdown,sodotheirspirits.I.Theyeatmoreand

gainweight.Theyhavetroublesleeping.Theycan'tthinkclearly.

Herearesomewaysyoucanbeatthewinterblues.

Getoutinthesun.Someexpertssaythatwinterblueshappenbecausewegetlesssunlightinthewinterthan

wedoinotherseasons.Somesaythatthedecreaseinsunlightcanmakeusfeelsad.2.

Getsomeexercise.Awalkorotherexercisewillmakechemicalscalledendorphins（內啡肽）inyourbody.

Endorphinsarenatural€tfeelgood“chemicals.

3.Avoidhavingtoomuchsugar.Ifyoucravesugaryfoods（likecookiesorcandy）,itmaybeasign

thatyouneedmoreprotein（蛋白質）,likemeat,eggs,orfish.

Getsomerest.Avoidholidaystress.Cutbackifyouhavetoomanythingstodo.Makesureyouhavesome

quiettimetoyourself.4.Studiesshowthatmostteensneedaboutninehoursofsleepeachnight.The

averageteen,though,getsonlyaboutsixorsevenhoursofsleeppernight.

Gethelp.Becautiousifyoufeelsadallthetimeandthefeelingwon'tgoaway.5.

Talktoanadultwhoyoutrustorgethelpfromadoctor.

A.Eatmorehealthfulfoods.

B.Choosedifferentfoodsinseason.

C.Don'tbesobusythatyougetrun-down.

D.Thosepeoplesometimesfeelsadfornoreason.

E.Youmayhaveabiggerproblemthanthewinterblues.

F.Gettingextrasunlighteachdaycanhelpbrightenyourmood.

G.Aregularpatternofsleepisthemostimportantthingtomaintain.

【解題導語】有些人的情緒會隨著季節的變化而變化。本文主要介紹了五種克服冬季抑郁的方法。

1.D解析：根據上文中的“Somepeoplefindthatwhenthetemperaturegoesdown,sodotheirspirits.“可

知，有的人當溫度下降時，情緒也會低落，本段主要說明了這種現象，空后敘述了具體的表現。所以D項

符合語境。

2.F解析：根據第三段中的“Getoutinthesun."和"Somesaythatthedecreaseinsunlightcanmakeusfeel

sad.”可知，F項符合語境。

3.A解析：根據下文中的“Avoidhavingtoomuchsugar.Ifyoucravesugaryfoods...fish.’'可知，本段說

的是健康飲食。所以選A項。

4.C解析：根據段首的“Getsomerest.”可知，本段說的是要注意休息。故C項符合語境。

5.E解析:根據上文中的"Becautiousif...goaway.”和下文中的“Talktoanadultwhoyoutrustorgethelp

fromadoctor”可知，空處前后在含義上存在輕微的遞進關系，結合選項可知，E項“你可能有比冬季抑郁更

嚴重的問題”能很好地起到過渡作用I。故選E項。

IV.短文改錯

DearPeter,