Unit4Publictransport

晨讀在線請你根據以下提示，結合生活中的一個事例，用英語寫一篇短文，談談微笑的作用。Thebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguagemaybethesmile.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanopendoorsandteardownwalls.注意：①無須寫標題；②內容只需涉及一個方面；③詞數不少于120。【范文欣賞】請進行完形填空(每空一詞)IstillrememberhownervousIwasonmyfirstdayinthenewschoolthreeyearsago,1.whenIfounditdifficulttofollowmyteacherinthefirstEnglishclass.TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughout2.theclass，whichwastotallydifferent3.fromthelessonsIhadtakenbefore.Inthemorningclassthenextday，theEnglishteachercametomewhileIwasreadingthetextaloudas4.otherstudents.Afterlisteningtomeforawhile，shegavemeabigsmileandsaid5.shelikedmyvoiceverymuch.Thesmileshoneonthewholeday6.andthefollowingdays.Aweeklater，Ivolunteeredtotakecharge7.ofEnglishstudyinmyclass.Thankstothecomfortingsmileinmy8.firstmorningclass，Ibegantobeconfident.(134words)【名師點評】敘述自然流暢，文風樸實無華，通過敘述老師的微笑來說明它給作者帶來的積極作用。非限制性定語從句whichwastotallydifferentfromthelessonsIhadtakenbefore用得很好，高級詞匯shine，volunteer，confident，takechargeof，thanksto等的出現使文章陡增亮色。【瘋狂背誦】請用10分鐘背誦范文

【還原范文】請將下列句子翻譯成英語1．我依然記得三年前我進入新學校的第一天，當我發現第一堂英語課上自己很難跟上老師的時候我多么緊張。IstillrememberhownervousIwasonmyfirstdayinthenewschoolthreeyearsago，whenIfounditdifficulttofollowmyteacherinthefirstEnglishclass.2．老師在課上從頭至尾都講英語，那完全不同于我以前上的課。TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughouttheclass，whichwastotallydifferentfromthelessonsIhadtakenbefore.3．第二天的早自習課上，當我像別的同學那樣大聲朗讀課文時，英語老師向我走了過來。Inthemorningclassthenextday，theEnglishteachercametomewhileIwasreadingthetextaloudasotherstudents.4．聽我讀了一會兒后，她給了我一個大大的微笑，說她非常喜歡我的聲音。Afterlisteningtomeforawhile，shegavemeabigsmileandsaidshelikedmyvoiceverymuch.5．這個微笑照亮我這一整天，還有以后的日子。Thesmileshoneonthewholedayandthefollowingdays.6．一周后，我自愿負責我們班的英語學習工作。Aweeklater，IvolunteeredtotakechargeofEnglishstudyinmyclass.7．感謝第一次早自習時的那個舒心的微笑，我從此開始自信。Thankstothecomfortingsmileinmyfirstmorningclass，Ibegantobeconfident.Ⅰ.單詞默寫1．convey

vt.運送，輸送；表達2．authority

n.權力；權力機構；權威；權限3．anniversary

n.周年紀念；周年紀念日4．enlarge

vt.vi.擴大，增大5．modest

adj.適度的，適中的，不過分的；謙虛的，謙讓的6．flash

n.閃光，閃爍；簡明新聞，快訊7．annual

adj.每年的，一年一次的8．aggressive

adj.好斗的，侵略性的，咄咄逼人的9．alcoholic

adj.酒精的；含酒精的10．reservation

n.預訂，預約；保留意見11．choke

v．beunabletobreathe12．growth

n.theprocessofgrowing13．undertake

vt.topromiseoragreetodosomething14．punctual

adj.arrivingordoingthingsatexactlytherighttime15．violate

vt.totakenonoticeofapromiseoragreementⅡ.詞匯拓展1．distinctionn．聲譽，名聲；區別→distinctive

adj.區別性的→distinguish

vt.區別，鑒別2．permitv．允許→permission

n．準許，允許→allow(同義詞)3．separatelyadv.分別地，單獨地，各自地→separate

adj.分開的，獨立的→separate

vt.分開，分隔，隔開→separation

n．分開；分居4．arrangevt.按排，整理→arrangement

n．按排，整理5．believevt.相信→belief

n．信念，相信→believable

adj.可相信的，能相信的→unbelievable

adj.難以置信的，驚人的語境助記——詞不離句，句不離段Theexpansionofmodernadvancedtransportationmakesourlifemoreconvenient，orderlyandpunctual.Butontheotherhand，theaccidentsitcausedareconfusingandannoyingus.

Ⅲ.短語落實1．dropoff中途下客或卸貨2．comeupwith提出3．inthehopethat...希望……4．takenoticeof注意，注意到；關注5．makeupfor補償，彌補6．beupto勝任，忙于7．washaway沖掉，沖垮，沖走8.giveup放棄，戒掉9．arisefrom由……引起，由……產生，起源于10．beaimedat目的是，旨在，針對Ⅳ.句子翻譯1．ThesenewwaysofdiggingacceleratedthepaceoftheLondonUnderground'sdevelopment.(Page50)這些新的挖掘方法加快了倫敦地鐵的發展步伐。2．Thenumberofroadaccidentsandthedeathsarisingfromthoseaccidentshasincreasedgreatlyoverthepastyear.(Page62)在過去的一年中，交通事故數量以及由交通事故所引發的死亡人數急劇上升。3．Onthenextpagearesomeofthechiefcausesofroadaccidents.(Page62)下一頁講述一些道路事故的主要根源。4．洪水沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分路段目前仍在修建中。(Page59)Thefloodswashedawaysoilalongtheroad.Partoftheroadisstillunderrepair.5．一些騎車人認為交通法規不適用于他們。(Page63)Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothem.Ⅴ.教材設題句型轉換(每空不超過3個單詞)1．Weallhavearesponsibilitytopreventaccidents.(教材P62)→Weareallresponsibleforpreventingaccidents.2．Recentlythenumberofpeoplefinedforspeakingontheirmobilephoneswhiledrivinghasincreasedby30percent.(教材P62)→Recentlythenumberofpeoplefinedforusingmobilephones/calling/makingacall/chatting(speaking)oncellphoneswhiledrivinghasincreasedby30percent.3．Ifyoudriveafteryouhaveconsumedalcoholicdrinksoraredrunk，youareviolatingthelawandriskingyourownlifeaswellasthelivesofothers.(教材P62)→Ifyoudriveafteryouhaveconsumedalcoholicdrinksoraredrunk，youareviolatingthelawandriskingyourownlifeandothers'lives.4．Somecyclistsmaketheassumptionthattrafficlawsdonotapplytothem，butthisisnottrue.(教材P63)→Somecyclistsassume(that)trafficlawsdonotapplytothem，butthisisnottrue.5．Anothercauseofaccidentsisthatbicyclesarenotkeptingoodcondition.(教材P63)→Anothercauseofaccidentsisthatbicyclesareinbadcondition.

【課本原句】Transportisanimportantpartofourlives.(P49)交通工具是我們生活中的重要部分。transport

vt.&n.運輸，運送，搬運；交通工具，交通費用transportsb/sthto把某人/物運到……betransportedback/into被帶回到……，被帶入……publictransport公共交通roadtransport路運transportationn.運輸業；交通

辨析transport/traffictransport作“交通”講，實指運輸工具。traffic作“交通”講，指路上的行人車馬，著重數量的多少。Hisbikeishisonlymeansoftransport.他的自行車是他唯一的交通工具。Trafficisinterruptedinmanyplaces.很多地方交通中斷了。翻譯句子①我們將用船只運送這些產品。Wewilltransporttheproductsbyship.②Withthecompletionofseveralpublic________projects，suchastheMRT，commutingtoworkhasbecomeeasierforpeoplelivinginthesuburbs.(2012·常德一中11月份月考)A．transportation B．trafficC．travel D．transfer

答案A——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】Passengersweretransportedincarriageswithoutwindows，whichwerepulledthroughthecomparativelynarrowtunnelsbysteamengines.(P50)乘客坐在沒有窗戶封閉的車廂里，車廂在相對狹窄的隧道里由蒸汽引擎拉動。narrowadj.

窄的，狹窄的，狹隘的v．(使)變窄anarrowescape死里逃生，險些遇險anarrowvictory/defeat險勝/勉強擊敗narrowdown縮小……的范圍narrowlyadv.勉強地，精細地①Doyouknowwhytherivernarrowshere(為什么河道在這兒會變窄嗎)?②Theboyhada________escapewhenheranacrosstheroadinfrontofthebus.(2012·益陽市一中11月份月考)A．narrowB．closeC．shortD．fine答案A——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】Visitourticketofficeandbuyoneofthetravelcardsthatpermityoutotravelallovertheundergroundsystem.(P51)來我們的售票處，買一張可以游覽整個地鐵系統的門票吧。

permit

vt.&vi.允許，許可n.許可證，執照，通行證permitsbtodosth 允許某人做某事allowsbtodosth 允許某人做某事permitdoingsth 允許做某事allowdoingsth 允許做某事

【注意】具有以上用法的動詞還有forbid，advise等。即：permit，allow，forbid，advise后直接動詞作賓語時，要用doing，后跟todo時應先接sb。辨析permitsbtodosth/promisesbtodosth(1)permitsbtodosth指允許某人做某事，動作由對方完成。(2)promisesbtodosth指答應某人(向對方承諾)要做某事，動作由承諾人完成。Fatherpromisedmetobuyanewbikeanddidn'tpermitmetolendthebiketoothers.父親許諾給我買一輛新自行車并且不允許我把它借給別人。①Pleasenotethat，forsafetyreasons，pushingchairsarenotpermitted(不允許)intheStateApartments.(2010·天津卷·閱讀理解A)②Promisemenevertobelate(答應我不要遲到)again.③We'llhaveapicnicinthewoods，________.(2012·湖南桃源縣一中11月份月考)A．weatherpermits B．weatherpermitC．weatherpermitting D．ifweatherpermitting答案C——看看高考怎么考④Passengersarepermitted________onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A．tocarry B．carryingC．tobecarried D．beingcarried答案A【課本原句】AfterWorldwarⅡendedin1945，morepeopletravelledontheunderground，sothesystemwasenlargedandmorelineswereadded，includingtheVictoriaLine，whichwaslinkedwithotherlinesatalmosteverystation.(P51)1945年二戰結束后，更多人乘坐地鐵，因此地鐵系統被擴大，更多的地鐵線建成；其中包括幾乎連接所有的站點和其他線路的維多利亞線。

enlargevt.擴大，擴展，擴充，放大Canyouenlargephotographs？你會放大照片嗎？Bryce'sDepartmentStoreenlargeditsfurnituredepartmentaboutayearago.布賴斯百貨公司大約在1年前擴充了其家具部。Iwanttoenlargethelawn.我想擴大草坪的面積。Hisinterestshaverecentlyenlarged.近來，他的業余愛好更加廣泛。Thenewspaper________itseditorialstaffbyengagingtwonewpeople.A．enlargedB．lostC．missedD．Enriched答案A——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】In1854，theBritishgovernmentgaveapprovaltotheconstructionbytheMetropolitanRailwayCompanyofanundergroundrailwayinthecentreofLondon，betweenPaddingtonandFarringdon，viaKing‘sCross，StPancrasandEuston.(P50)1854年，英國政府批準大都會鐵路公司在倫敦中心修建帕丁頓和法林頓之間途經國王十字、圣潘克拉斯和尤斯頓的地下鐵路。Theplanhadtheapprovaloftheschoolauthorities.計劃得到學校當局的認可。Wecan'tstartthejobuntilwehavethedirector'sapproval.未經局長批準我們不能開始這項工作。

approval

n.贊成，同意；批準approvevt. 贊許；批準havesb‘sapproval 得到某人的同意meetwithsb‘sapproval 得到某人的同意obtainapproval 得到認可receiveapproval 得到贊成approvalofauthority 當局的批準approvalofhearers 聽眾的贊許approvalofthemajority 多數人的同意

【聯想拓展】Thefirm'sdirectorsquicklyapprovedthenewidea.公司的董事們很快贊同了這個新想法。Alanissomeonewhoalwaysneedstheapprovalofotherpeople.艾倫這個人總是凡事都希望得到別人的首肯。Thatletterwassentwithmyapproval.那封信經過我的批準才寄出。Wewon'tstartbuildingwithoutthecouncil'sapproval.沒有市議會的批準，我們不會動工。I'mafraidtheywon'tapproveofyourgoingthere.我擔心他們不會贊成你到那兒去。①Theyaresubjecttoyour________，butthefinallististobesenttothemanagerforhis________.A．obedience；approval B．approval；agreeC．approval；approval D．conformity；approval答案C——看看高考怎么考②Ourteachergaveher________toourplansforagraduationpartyandshealsopromisedtojoinus.A．approach B．applicationC．access D．approval答案D③Hermotherdoesnot________ofhergoingtostudyintheUnitedStatesalone.A．admitB．agreeC．proveD．approve答案D【課本原句】However，newtrainshadtobedevelopedandtheplanrequiredraisingalargeamountofmoney，sothediggingwaspostponeduntil1860，theinitialtunnelswereopenedin1863andwerejustbeneaththesurfaceoftheground.(P50)然而需要開發新的火車，并且這個計劃需要籌集大量的金錢，所以挖掘工作一直推遲到1860年。首批地鐵隧道于1863年開通，這些隧道緊靠地面。Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太陽此刻落到地平線下了。Shewassittingdirectlybeneaththepainting.她坐在那幅畫的正下方。

beneath

prep.在……之下，向……下面辨析beneath/below/under(1)beneath表示“在……下方”時，與表面相接觸，與介詞on相對應，多用于正式文體中。(2)below與介詞above相對應，常指在某物體之下，但不一定在該物的正下方。也可指在海平面或地平線之下。(3)under與介詞over相對應，通常表示處于正下方，一般與表面不接觸。Heworeawoolenvestbeneathhisshirt.他襯衫里面穿著一件羊毛背心。Hewaitedbelowherwindowuntilsheopeneditandspoketohim.他在窗下一直等到她開窗和他講話。ShewascarryingherhandbagunderherarmwhenIsawher.我看到她時，她腋下夾著手提包。Itturnedoutthatshewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition，whichwas________herexpectation.A．beyond B．toC．above D．beneath答案A——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】Thefloodswashedawaysoilalongtheroad.Partoftheroadisstillunderrepair.(P59)洪水沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分公路目前仍正在維修中。repairn．&v.修理，修補underrepair 在修理中beyondrepair 無法修補(修復)inneedofrepair 急需修理ingoodrepair 維修良好repairthewrong 彌補過失

underconstruction 在興建中underdiscussion 在討論中underreview 在復習中understudy 在研究中underconsideration 在考慮中underinvestigation 在調查中undercontrol 在控制中

【聯想拓展】根據句意完成句子①Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehousewhoseroofisunderrepair.②Sarahhadherwashingmachinerepairedthedaybeforeyesterday.③Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycarisbeingrepairedatthegarage.④Asaresultoftheseriousflood，two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedrepairing.——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】In1884，theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictRailwaylinkedup.(P50)1884年，大都會鐵路公司和大都會地區鐵路部門聯合起來了。

linkup

連接，會合，聯合belinkedwith/to...與……有關系link...with/to...把……與……連接起來，把……連接到……上linkarms挽著手臂

①Evenbelowthedrinkdrivinglink(環節)，drivingwillbeaffected.(2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A)②Theyhaveplannedtolinkupthetwoareasbytelephone(用電話把兩個地區連接起來)．③________tothecrime，thesuspectwasarrested.(2012·邵東創新實驗學校第3次月考)A．Linking B．LinkedC．Tobelinked D．Tolink答案B——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】Thishasspeededuptravelbetweenthetwocities.(P59)這使兩個城市間的旅行變得快捷。

speedup

加速speedby

(時間) 很快地過去，飛逝speed...away 迅速將……帶離pickup/gainspeed 逐漸加速attop/fullspeed 以全速athigh/lowspeed 以高速/低速ataspeedof... 以……速度Morehaste，less/worsespeed. 欲速則不達

①What'smore，thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup(加速)”improvedtheirtopandbottomlines，averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.(2011·四川卷·閱讀理解E)②Togetridofalcoholfromthebodyisaveryslowprocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditup(加速)withanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.(2011·福建卷·閱讀理解A)——看看高考怎么考③Theyarebroadeningthebridgeto________theflowoftraffic.(2011·山東卷·語法和詞匯知識25)A．putoff B．speedupC．turnon D．workout答案B④LiuXiang'srunningcareerbeganto________afterhewonthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(2012·武岡市一中10月份月考)A．speedup B．flyawayC．giveaway D．takeoff答案D【課本原句】Thefloodswashed_awaysoilalongtheroadandpartoftheroadisstillunderrepair.(P59)洪水沖掉了沿途的泥土，部分公路目前正在維修中。

washaway沖掉，沖垮，沖走washone‘shandsof 不再過問，洗手不干washwell/badly 好洗/不好洗bewashedout 被拋棄，被取消washup 把……沖到岸邊

①這種布很容易洗。Thekindofclothwasheswell/easily.②Thedirtymarksontheskirtwon't________.(2012·邵東創新實驗學校第4次月考)A．washup B．bewashedoutC．washaway D．washedaway答案C——看看高考怎么考【課本原句】Thisnoticeisaimedatincreasingpeople'sknowledgeoftheproblem.(P62)這個公告目的是增加人民對這個問題的認識。

beaimedat目的是，旨在，針對aimn. 目的，目標，瞄準achieveone‘saim 達到某人的目的missone‘saim 某人未擊中目標haveahighaiminlife 胸懷壯志takeai