1、Noun clauses as the object and predicativeUnit 3 Grammar從句的語用功能從句的語用功能 英語復(fù)合句一般有三大類：英語復(fù)合句一般有三大類：名詞性名詞性(主語、主語、賓語、表語和同位語賓語、表語和同位語)從句；形容詞性從句；形容詞性(定語定語)從句；副詞性從句；副詞性(狀語狀語)從句。從句。 在復(fù)合句中起在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用名詞作用的從句叫的從句叫名詞性名詞性從句。從句。 22021/7/23主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語主語從句、賓語主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句從句、表語從句和同位語從句320

2、21/7/23His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day. 42021/7/23 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 52021/7/23賓語從句賓語從句Noun clauses as Noun clauses

3、 as the objectthe object62021/7/23 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，可以作動詞的賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞和形容詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從賓語，也可以作介詞和形容詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句詞有句詞有:連詞連詞 that，if，whether；連接代詞連接代詞who，whose，what，which, whom連接副詞連接副詞when，where，how， why賓語從句賓語從句72021/7/23The Object Clause(1)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時無詞義，也不充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)賓語從句時無詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分任何成分,可被省略。可被省略

4、。 I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science.一，連詞一，連詞1. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句82021/7/23The Object ClauseA.介詞后的介詞后的that不能省略。不能省略。 Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. (2)一般情況下一般情況下that是可以省略的，但在下列幾是可以省略的，但在下列幾 種情況下，種情況下，that一般不省略。一般不省略。(4種種)92

5、021/7/23The Object ClauseB. 并列連詞并列連詞and連接兩個或兩個以上賓語從連接兩個或兩個以上賓語從句，句，and前面的前面的that可省略，可省略，and后面的后面的that不能省略。不能省略。 My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.102021/7/23The Object ClauseC. 賓語從句中有其他從屬連詞時，賓語從句中有其他從屬連詞時，that不不能省略。能省略。 He told me that

6、 if it was necessary they would work all night.112021/7/23D. 在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞之后，如在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用等，可以用it作形式賓語作形式賓語，而，而把真正的賓語從句后置，在這種情況下把真正的賓語從句后置，在這種情況下that不能省略不能省略 e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me我覺得奇怪：他沒給我打電話。我覺得奇怪：他沒給我打電話。The Object Clause122021/7/232.由由if/w

7、hether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句The Object Clause(1)從屬連詞從屬連詞whether/if做做“是否是否”講時，常用講時，常用在在ask, care, know等動詞后引出帶有疑問意義等動詞后引出帶有疑問意義的賓語從句，的賓語從句，從句保持陳述語序從句保持陳述語序，whether和和if不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。只起連接作用。I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered.132021/7/23(2)在下列情況下一般只用在下列情況下一般只用whether,而不而

8、不用用if(多用多用whether少用少用if)1.引導(dǎo)主語從句并放在句首時引導(dǎo)主語從句并放在句首時2.引導(dǎo)表語從句時引導(dǎo)表語從句時3.引導(dǎo)從句做介詞賓語時引導(dǎo)從句做介詞賓語時4.從句后有從句后有or not時時5.后接動詞不定時后接動詞不定時6.做做discuss等詞的賓語時等詞的賓語時Whether she comes or not make no difference.The question is whether its worth trying. It all depends on whether they will help us. He doesnt know whether t

9、o stay or not.142021/7/23 3.連詞連詞that , whether, if的區(qū)別；的區(qū)別；動詞動詞doubt用在用在(1)疑問句或否定句疑問句或否定句時，時，其后賓語從句常用其后賓語從句常用that作連接詞；作連接詞；(2)用在用在肯定句肯定句時，連接詞用時，連接詞用whether或或if皆可，而不用皆可，而不用that。 Do you doubt that he will win? I dont doubt that your proposition（陳述，主張，提案）（陳述，主張，提案） is wrong. He doubts whether/if I know

10、it. 152021/7/23二二. 連接代詞和連接副詞連接代詞和連接副詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞和連接副詞how,when,where,why這些連詞都這些連詞都有詞義有詞義，除了引導(dǎo)從句外，還在除了引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分的成分。這種從句有疑問意義，但不是。這種從句有疑問意義，但不是疑問句，不能用疑問語序，而疑問句，不能用疑問語序，而要用陳述要用陳述語序語序。 The Object Clause162021/7/23 The Object Clause1.Do you know who/whom Jack was speakin

11、g to?2.He asked whose car it was.3.Pay attention to what the doctor said.4.Please tell me when the earthquake took place.5.Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?172021/7/23在在think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞等動詞之后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否之后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則不用否定形式定含義，則不用否定形式,而而將主句謂語將主句謂語動詞動詞think等

12、變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问降茸優(yōu)榉穸ㄐ问? e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不對的。我想你是不對的。賓語從句中的一些注意事項賓語從句中的一些注意事項1，賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移，賓語從句中的否定轉(zhuǎn)移182021/7/23（1 1）主句使用現(xiàn)在時，從句可使用任何時態(tài)）主句使用現(xiàn)在時，從句可使用任何時態(tài)；（2 2）主句使用一般過去時主句使用一般過去時，從句除表示，從句除表示“真真理理”可使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)外，可使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)外，一律使用過去時態(tài)一律使用過去時態(tài)。I think that you are right.Lin Tao thought the TV play was ver

13、y boring. My brother told me that the earth is round.2.2.賓語從句的時態(tài)取決于主句的時態(tài)賓語從句的時態(tài)取決于主句的時態(tài)She insisted that they (should) show her their passports.He suggested that we (should) have a further discussion about the final decision.3.3.在在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等表示等表示“建議，命令，要求，欲建議，命

14、令，要求，欲望望”等詞后面的賓語從句使用等詞后面的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣，(should) +V原形。原形。 4，語序問題，語序問題1. They dont know _ we are going hiking.2. She wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next day.3. I was really surprised at _ I saw.4. Do you know _ skirt it is? whenif/whetherwhatwhose在下列各空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，在下列各空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使句意通順。使句

15、意通順。1. I really have no idea _ (我該選擇什么我該選擇什么主題主題).2. Our teacher told us _ (光速比聲速快多了光速比聲速快多了).3. I didnt tell him _ (我參加了什么項目我參加了什么項目).4. I _ (認(rèn)為他沒有認(rèn)為他沒有 時間和你打高爾夫球時間和你打高爾夫球).5. They are discussing _ (這答案是否正確這答案是否正確). 根據(jù)漢語完成句子。根據(jù)漢語完成句子。 表語從句表語從句Noun clauses as Noun clauses as the predicativethe predi

16、cative242021/7/23 that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 that 僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。的作用。e.g. The fact is that we have lost the match.在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。在從句中作表語的從句稱作表語從句。表語從句表語從句252021/7/232. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接詞連接詞whether起連接作用，起連接作用， 意

17、為意為“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引不能引導(dǎo)表語從句導(dǎo)表語從句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether that man will turn up in time.262021/7/233. what, which, who, whom, whose引引導(dǎo)的表語從句導(dǎo)的表語從句 連接代詞連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起連接作用外，除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語、定還可在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。語，且各有各的詞義。T

18、he Predicative Clause272021/7/23e.g. Tom is no longer what he used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.282021/7/234. where, when, why, how引導(dǎo)的表語從引導(dǎo)的表語從句句 連接副詞連接副

19、詞where, when, why, how除除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，充當(dāng)時間、地點、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。本身具有詞義。The Predicative Clause292021/7/23e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended a

20、n American wedding.302021/7/235. 其他連詞其他連詞as if, because, as, as though 引引導(dǎo)的表語從句導(dǎo)的表語從句 because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于連引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于連系動詞系動詞look, seem, sound, be, become等等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。動作或狀態(tài)。The Predicative Clause312021/7/23e.g

21、. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.322021/7/23高考鏈接1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季北京春季)A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D.

22、 when I feel excited A解析解析： 這是由這是由what 引導(dǎo)的一個表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)的一個表語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答主語，這句話的意思為：那是使我感到興奮的事。故答案為案為A。332021/7/232.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析解析:這是一個由這是一個由why引導(dǎo)的表語從句引導(dǎo)的表語從句,表表示原因示原因.這

23、句話的意思是這句話的意思是這就是你離開這就是你離開的原因嗎的原因嗎?。故答案為。故答案為A。A342021/7/233.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why 解析解析:what在表語從句中作在表語從句中作takes的賓語的賓語,構(gòu)構(gòu)成成It takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答案為的句型。答案為A。A352021/7/234.When you answer questio

24、ns in a job interview, please remember the golden r u l e : A l w a y s g i v e t h e m o n k e y exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that 解析解析:這是一個賓語從句這是一個賓語從句,wants后面缺少后面缺少賓語賓語,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句諺語是一句諺語,意思是意思是永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)給予他人他確實想要的東西給予他人他確實想要的東西。故答案為。故答案

25、為A。A362021/7/23Review賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。作介詞的賓語。表語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的表表語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的表語。語。1. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. （2014北京）北京）A. where B. when C. how D. why 2. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.

26、(2014福建福建)A. that B. what C. how D. whether 3. As John Lennon once said, life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. (2014湖南湖南)A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. What a mess! You are always so lazy! Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me. (2014江蘇江蘇)A. howB. whatC. thatD.

27、 who 5. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. (2009北京北京) A. when B. how C. why D. if6. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother. (2009山東山東) A. where B. what C. how D. who 7. We havent discussed yet _

28、 we are going to place our new furniture. (2010全國全國I) A. that B. which C. what D. where8. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2010湖南湖南) A. where B. whether C. that D. why 9. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sun

29、days. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010江蘇江蘇) A. where B. how C. when D. what10. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010上海上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why11. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. (2011山東山東) A. where B. what C. whether D. which12. The village